واکاوی تحریم‌های یکجانبه اقتصادی در حقوق بین‌الملل: مطالعه موردی ایالات‌متحده

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستقل

نویسنده

دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، دانشکاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

چکیده

برخی از کشورهای قدرتمند به ویژه ایالات متحده تحریم‌هایی را به صورت یک‌جانبه علیه سایر کشورها اعمال می‌کنند که امروزه به اقدامی معمول در سیاست خارجی آنان تبدیل شده است. مسئله این است که اساساً این تحریم‌ها بنا به دلایل و توجیهاتی اعمال شده و در عین حال با مخالفت‌هایی نیز همراه است و قانونی بودن اعمال این تحریم‌ها برخلاف بسیاری از تحریم‌های جمعی که توسط شورای امنیت سازمان ملل اعمال می‌شوند، زیر سؤال رفته است. لذا سؤال اصلی این است که ادله توجیه اعمال تحریم‌های یکجانبه توسط آمریکا چیست و این تحریم‌ها چه جایگاهی در حقوق بین‌الملل دارند؟ در این پژوهش قصد بر این است تا برپایه اصول روش علمی-تجربی به واکاوی دلایل اعمال تحریم‌های یک‌جانبه پرداخته و قانونی بودن این تحریم‌ها از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل بپردازیم. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که علیرغم ارائه توجیهات گوناگون درباره ضرورت حفظ امنیت ملی و وضع قوانین داخلی در اینباره، این تحریم‌ها مبنای قانونی مشخصی در حقوق بین‌الملل ندارند و اعمال تحریم‌ علیه سایر کشورها –بجز در موارد خاص- مفروض به تصویب آن در سازمان ملل متحد و نهادهای وابسته به آن و شورای امنیت بعنوان مسئول اصلی در اینباره است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Analysis of Unilateral Economic Sanctions in International Law: A Case Study of the United States

نویسنده [English]

  • Seyed Amir Sina Nourani
Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Some powerful countries, especially the United States, impose unilateral sanctions on other countries, which has nowadays become commonplace in their foreign policy. However, the problem is that although these sanctions are claimed to essentially have certain reasons and justifications, they sometimes face objections and their legality is questioned, contrary to many collective sanctions imposed by the UN Security Council. Hence the main question is, what is the rationale behind the U.S.'s unilateral sanctions, and what is the place of these sanctions in international law? This study is an attempt to analyze the reasons for and legality of unilateral sanctions from the perspective of international law based on the principles of the scientific-experimental method. The results show that despite the various claims as to the need to maintain national security and enact domestic rules in this regard, these sanctions do not have a clear legal basis in international law, and their imposition on other countries, except in special rare cases, is subject to approval by the United Nations, its subsidiaries, and the Security Council as the main international body responsible for international peace and security.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Unilateral Sanctions
  • National Security
  • Human Rights
  • United Nations
  • United Nations Security Council

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