رویکرد دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی به خسارت معنوی قربانیان تعرضات جنسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستقل

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، واحد مراغه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مراغه، ایران

2 باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد مرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرند، ایران

چکیده

هر چند ارتکاب جنایات بین‌المللی، به ویژه تعرضات جنسی به صورت گسترده باعث ایجاد محاکم کیفری بین‌المللی گردیده است. لیکن اسناد دادگاه‌های بین‌المللی کیفری موقت در زمینه جبران خسارت معنوی، تمهیدات چندانی اتخاذ نکرده و غیر از استرداد اموال موجود، تدبیر دیگری نیاندیشیده بودند. نتیجه حاصل از این نوشتار ما را بر این امر رهنمون می‌سازد که دیوان بین‌المللی کیفری در راستای اتخاذ رویکردی هماهنگ با تحولات نیمه دوم قرن بیستم در توجه به حقوق بزه‌دیدگان، جایگاهی را به آنان اعطا نموده که پیش‌تر، در هیچ یک از دادگاه‌های بین‌المللی کیفری تجربه نشده بود. بزه‌دیدگان اعم از اشخاص حقیقی یا حقوقی، طبق ماده 68 اساسنامه رم و بر طبق قواعد آیین دادرسی و ادله اثبات در دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی می‌توانند در فرایند رسیدگی دیوان به طور شخصی و یا از طریق نماینده حقوقی، مشارکت جسته و خواستار جبران خسارت شوند. به ویژه جبران خسارت معنوی که به شیوه بهره‌مندی از حمایت‌های پزشکی، روانپزشکی و اجتماعی- اقتصادی در جهت رفع نیازهای کوتاه مدت و اضطراری، بلند مدت و بازسازی روند عادی زندگی می‌تواند صورت گیرد.  بنابراین این مقاله می‌کوشد با روش توصیفی و تحلیلی حمایت از قربانیان تعرضات جنسی و شیوه‌های جبران خسارت معنوی وارده بر آن‌ها را در پرتو قواعد و مقررات اساسنامه رم مورد نقد و بررسی قرار دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The International Criminal Court's Approach toward Victims of Sexual Assault’s Psychological Damages

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jamal Beigi 1
  • Elnaz Katanchi 2
1 Assistant Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran.
2 Young Researchers and Elite Club, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran.
چکیده [English]

International crimes, especially sexual assault crimes, are causes for establishing the international court. However, the ad hoc constitution does not adopt an obligation nor provides any measures regarding moral and psychological damage, except the extradition of the perpetrator. The results of this study will indicate that in conformity with the second half of 20th  century’s changes and by paying attention to victims of crime, the International Criminal Court adopted measures that grant a stand to victims of crime. According to the constitution of Rom, article 68, and according to legal procedure and documents at the International Criminal Court, both legal and real persons, can be represented either by themselves or through a lawyer and file a request to be compensated for the crimes done toward them. Compensations include medical, psychological, and socio-economic emergency support in order to achieve their normal course of life. Ultimately, through analytical and descriptive research, this article aims to discuss victims’ position in the ICC and analyzes the method of compensation for psychological damage under the provision of Rom constitution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Moral damage
  • Sexual assault victims
  • International criminal court
  • International policy..  

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