فصلنامه مطالعات بین‌ المللی

فصلنامه مطالعات بین‌ المللی

کاربرد نظریه بومرنگ در حمایت از قربانیان خشونت جنسی در آمریکا

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستقل

نویسندگان
1 گروه معارف اسلامی، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران
2 دکتری علوم قرآن و حدیث_دانشگاه علوم اسلامی رضوی طلبه سطح ۴ حوزه علمیه خراسان
10.22034/isj.2026.499441.2280
چکیده
خشونت جنسی علیه زنان در ایالات متحده به‌عنوان نقض حقوق بشر، نیازمند رویکردهای نو برای تقویت حمایت از قربانیان و جلوگیری از پیامدهای منفی اجتماعی است (طرح مسئله و ضرورت). این پژوهش به این پرسش اصلی می‌پردازد که نظریه بومرنگ چگونه می‌تواند پدیده حمایت ناکافی یا واکنش‌های منفی به قربانیان خشونت جنسی را از منظر حقوق بشر تبیین کند و چه راهکارهایی برای تقویت حمایت مؤثر بر اساس اصول حقوق بشر ارائه دهد؟ (پرسش پژوهش). روش پژوهش، تحلیلی–تبیینی است (روش) و چارچوب نظری بر پایه نظریه بومرنگ در زمینه حقوق بشر استوار است که توضیح می‌دهد چگونه تلاش‌های حقوقی و کارگزاری های حمایتی، در صورتی که به عنوان تهدید علیه آزادی‌های فردی یا فرهنگی تلقی شوند، می‌توانند به تقویت نقض حقوق بشر منجر شوند (چارچوب نظری). یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که پیام‌های حمایتی مبتنی بر حقوق بشر، در مواردی که اجباری یا کنترل‌کننده به نظر برسند، اثر معکوس (بومرنگ) ایجاد می‌کنند و حمایت از قربانیان را کاهش می‌یابد؛ در مقابل، رویکردهای مبتنی بر اصول جهانی حقوق بشر مانند همدلی و مشارکت داوطلبانه، ظرفیت بالاتری برای افزایش حمایت دارند (یافته‌ها). فردگرایی افراطی، نگرش‌های تبعیض‌آمیز جنسیتی و حاکمیت رویکردهای حکومتی بدون مشارکت جامعه مدنی، از موانع اصلی تحقق حقوق بشر قربانیان خشونت جنسی در آمریکا هستند (نتیجه‌گیری) و محدودیت در دسترسی به داده‌های حقوقی بین‌المللی و تمرکز بر مطالعات نظری بدون داده‌های میدانی، مهم‌ترین محدودیت‌های پژوهش به شمار می‌روند (محدودیت‌ها).
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Use of the Boomerang Theory to Support Victims of Sexual Violence in the United States

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Davand 1
Mohammad Reza Anjomshoaa 2
1 Department of Islamic knowledge, Ke.C., Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
2 PhD in Quranic and Hadith Studies - University of Islamic Sciences Razavi Level 4 Seminary Student, Khorasan Seminary
چکیده English

Sexual violence against women in the United States, as a violation of human rights, requires innovative approaches to strengthen support for victims and to prevent adverse social consequences (problem statement and significance). This study addresses the central research question of how the boomerang theory can explain inadequate support or negative societal reactions toward victims of sexual violence from a human rights perspective, and what strategies it can propose to enhance effective, human-rights–based support (research question). The study adopts an analytical–explanatory methodology (method), and its theoretical framework is grounded in the boomerang theory within the field of human rights, which explains how legal advocacy and supportive agency efforts, when perceived as threats to individual or cultural freedoms, may paradoxically intensify human rights violations (theoretical framework). The findings indicate that human-rights–based supportive messages can produce a boomerang effect when they appear coercive or controlling, thereby reducing support for victims; by contrast, approaches grounded in universal human rights principles—such as empathy and voluntary participation—demonstrate a greater capacity to enhance support (findings). Extreme individualism, discriminatory gender attitudes, and the dominance of top-down governmental approaches lacking meaningful civil society participation constitute major obstacles to the realization of the human rights of sexual violence victims in the United States (conclusion). Finally, limited access to international human rights legal data and the reliance on theoretical analysis without empirical field data represent the primary limitations of this research (limitations).

کلیدواژه‌ها English

boomerang theory
psychological reactance
sexual violence
victim support
human rights
women
United States
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