راهکارهای حمایت از نسل‏ های سه ‏گانه حقوق بشر در پرتو ظهور فناوری هوش مصنوعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستقل

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین الملل دانشگاه قم

2 دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکده الهیات، حقوق و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در سال‏‌های اخیر هوش مصنوعی با پیشرفت سرسام‏‌آوری بخش‌‎‏های ارائه خدمات و به تبع آن سیاست‏‌های رفاهی و اجتماعی در کشورهای توسعه‌‏یافته را تحت تاثیر قرار داده است. این مهم باعث شده که هوش مصنوعی در کنار فناوری‌‏های نوینی چون داده‏‌های انبوه و الگوریتم‌‏های خودرو، علاوه بر شکل‏‌دهی به بسیاری از تحولات اجتماعی، سیاست‏گذاران را با چالش‌‏ها و پرسش‌‏های مهمی مواجه گرداند. اجرای آزمایشی فناوری‏‌های فوق‏‌الذکر در صنعت بیمه، بانکداری، نظام‏‌های سلامت و ثبت احوال همانند عصر پیشادیجیتال، بستر نقض گسترده و نظام‏‌مند (سیستمیک) بسیاری از حقوق بشر مندرج در اسناد بین‏المللی را به وجود آورده است با این تفاوت که به دلیل اتوماتیک (ماشینی‏) بودن این نقض‏‌ها، امکان «احراز مسئولیت» از طرف نهادهای ناظر داخلی و یا بین‌‏المللی به درستی تعریف نشده و به تبع آن، سازوکار پاسخ‏گویی را نمی‏توان با چهارچوب‏های قانونی کنونی، فعال نمود. در این نوشتار ضمن توجه به تقسیم‌‏بندی نسل‏‌های سه‏‌گانه حقوق بشری، حقوق فرانسلی و مقدمه اصول تداوم بشری تعریف شده و تاثیرگذاری هوش مصنوعی بر این حقوق مورد اشاره قرار می‏گیرند. در ادامه نیز با طرح این مفروض که خطر اصلی هوش مصنوعی برای حقوق شهروندان، ایجاد دسته‏‌بندی‏‌ها، تبعیض و نقض حق تعیین سرنوشت قلمداد می‏شود، متعاقباً در پاسخ به این سوال که چگونه می‏توان با چالش‏های فوق‌‏الذکر مقابله نمود، پیشنهاداتی پیرامون ایجاد مکانیزم‏‌های مناسب برای حمایت و مراقبت از حقوق نسل‌های مختلف حقوق بشری مطرح گردیده و با برداشتی تطبیقی از اسناد بین‏المللی و داده‏های کتابخانه‏‌ای الکترونیک بر اساس روش توصیفی-تحلیلی، بررسی می‌‏گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Protective Solutions to Three Generations of Human Rights in Light of AI Emergence

نویسندگان [English]

  • Emad Oboudiyat 1
  • Mansoureh Sharifi Sadr 2
1 PhD Student in International Laws, University of Qom, Iran
2 PhD student of International Relations, Faculty of Theology, Law and Political Sciences, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Incredible advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have affected various service sectors and social welfare policies in developed countries in recent years. As a result, AI and novel technologies (e.g., big data and machine learning algorithms) have shaped many social developments and forced policymakers to confront difficult challenges and questions. Similarly to the pre-digital era, pilot implementations of these technologies in the insurance and banking industries, health systems, and civil registration systems have resulted in widespread systemic violations of many human rights enshrined in international documents. However, domestic or international monitoring institutions have not defined the possibility of “responsibility acceptance” because these violations are automated (i.e., machine-based). It is hence impossible to activate an accountable mechanism through the current legal frameworks.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Artificial intelligence (AI)
  • Big data
  • Machine learning algorithms
  • Generations of human rights
  • Rights of the future generations
  • Trans generational rights
  • Human continuity

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