نقش اتحادیه اروپا در ناامنی‌هایی اروپای مرکزی و شرقی در دوران پسا کمونیستی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستقل

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مطالعات منطقه‌ای دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات اروپای دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

کشورهای اروپای مرکزی و شرقی پس از تجربه چند دهه‌ای کمونیسم، مسیر خود را از سال 1989 با چرخش نئولیبرال آغاز کردند. در این میان، اتحادیه اروپا با مفهوم بازگشت به اروپا در میان مردم و دولتمردان این منطقه از جذابیت خاصی برخوردار بود. درحالی‌که مسئله امنیت در کشورهای اروپای مرکزی و شرقی در زمان کمونیسم، بیشتر در ارتباط با خطر نظامی بود، پس از فروپاشی کمونیسم و اتحاد جماهیر شوروی، نوع مسئله امنیتی برای کشورهای اروپای مرکزی و شرقی تغییریافته است. این پژوهش درصدد پاسخگویی به این سؤال است که اتحادیه اروپا چه نقشی را در مسئله امنیت در کشورهای اروپای مرکزی و شرقی پساکمونیستی بازی می‌کند؟ برای پاسخگویی به این پرسش، فرض پژوهش آن است که اتحادیه اروپا در قالب یک بلوک تاریخی نئولیبرال، مسائل امنیتی ویژه‌ای را برای کشورهای یادشده ایجاد نموده است. در این پژوهش از روش کیفی و تحلیل آمار در داخل چارچوب نظری نئوگرامشی برای بررسی سؤال مطرح‌شده، استفاده‌شده است. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهند که درنتیجه سازوکارهای متنوع بلوک نئولیبرال اتحادیه اروپا کشورهای اروپای مرکزی و شرقی امروز با مسئله امنیت در بعد اقتصادی (تضعیف صنایع داخلی، بحران مسکن و اقتصاد سرمایه‌داری وابسته)، سیاسی (وابستگی سیاسی)، انسانی (دگرسازی) و فرهنگی و اجتماعی (جذب نخبگان در پروژه نئولیبرال و تضعیف سیستم آموزش عالی) مواجه شده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

EU Role in the Insecurities of Central and Eastern European Countries in the Post-Communist Era

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Sabbaghian 1
  • Rajdeep Singh 2
1 Assistant Professor, Regional Studies Department , University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD student of European Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Central and Eastern European country (CEECs) from 1989 onward took a neoliberal turn despite having experienced decades of communist rule. At the same time, the European Union (EU) enjoyed a particularly attractive image—evoking the return to Europe—among the people and governments of the region. While CEECs’ security concerns were mostly of a military threat during communist rule, post-communism CEECs’ security concerns have undergone transformation and changed in nature. This study sets to answer the following research question: what role does the EU play with regard to security concerns of post-communist CEECs? To answer this question, the main hypothesis is that the EU—in the form of a neoliberal historical bloc—has brought about special security concerns for the CEECs. Regarding the research methodology, we adopted a qualitative method under the neo-Gramscian theoretical framework and carried through statistical analysis to examine the research question. The research findings indicate that under the workings of diverse mechanisms of EU neoliberal block, Central and Eastern European countries today deal with the issue of security from the economic dimension (the weakening of domestic industries, the housing crisis and the dependent capitalist economy) to political (political dependence), human (alienation and otherness), and socio-cultural one (elite recruitment in the neoliberal project and weakening of the higher education system).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • neoliberalism
  • neo-Gramsci theory
  • Central and Eastern European countries
  • European Union
  • Security issue

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