مطالعه تطبیقی ابتکار جاده و کمربند چین با طرح مارشال آمریکا و طرح مولوتوف شوروی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستقل

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر پسادکتری، گروه انرژی پژوهشکده سیاستگذاری شریف، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهشکده سیاست گذاری، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف

چکیده

دردوران پس از جنگ جهانی دوم تاکنون کشورهای ابرقدرت و پیروز در جنگ ابرپروژه های اقتصادی برای گسترش نفوذ اقتصادی و سیاسی خود و توسعه و گسترش تجارت با کشورهای همپیمان و گاهی رقیب ارائه کرده‌اند. برخی از این طرح ها با اهداف ایدئولوژیک یا تقابل با رقیب طراحی و ارائه شدند و برخی دیگر بر اهداف اقتصادی تمرکز بیشتری داشته‌اند. این پژوهش دنبال پاسخ به این سوال است که این ابتکارات و طرح‌های بین‌المللی دنبال چه اهدافی بودند و این اهداف تا چه میزان با یکدیگر شباهت دارد. این مقاله مهمترین ابتکارات بین المللی از این دست در 70 سال گذشته را معرفی کرده و برای اولین بار ابتکار جاده و کمربند چین (BRI) را با روش مطالعه تطبیقی از منظر اقتصادی، اجتماعی، سیاسی، تجاری و ژئوپولتیک با طرح مارشال آمریکا (Marshall Plan) و طرح شورای همکاریهای اقتصادی متقابل شوروی (CMEA یا Comecon) مقایسه میکند. هدف اصلی مقاله پاسخ به این سوال است که چه نقاط تشابه و افتراق بین طرح جاده و کمربند چین با طرح مارشال آمریکا و طرح مولوتوف شوروی وجود دارد. روش تحقیق استفاده شده در این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی-تحلیلی می‌باشد. این مقاله استدلال می‌کند که گرچه این ابتکارها شباهت‌هایی با یکدیگر دارند و هدفشان پاسخگویی به نظم نابسامان جهانی و بهبود اقتصادی از طریق سرمایه‌گذاری‌های کلان سیاسی-اقتصادی و کمک به روند توسعه دیگر کشورها میباشد، اما نتایج و تاثیر آنها بر ساختارهای اقتصادی ملی و بین المللی می‌تواند متفاوت باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A comparative study of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) with the US Marshall Plan and the Soviet Molotov Plan (CMEA)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Gholizadeh 1
  • Seyed Reza Mirnezami 2
1 Energy Department, Sharif Policy Research Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, The Research Institute for Science, Technology, and Industrial Policy, Sharif University of Technology
چکیده [English]

In the post-World War II era, superpowers and victors in the war offered economic superpowers to expand their economic and political influence and to develop and expand trade with allied and sometimes rival countries. Some of these plans were designed and presented with ideological goals or confrontation with the rival and others focused more on economic goals. Some refer to these initiatives as geopolitical tools, while others see them as a means to expand trade and economic influence. This article introduces the most important international initiatives of this kind in the last 70 years and for the first time compares China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) from an economic, social, political, commercial, and geopolitical perspective and with the Marshall Plan and the Molotov Plan (CMEA or Comecon). The main purpose of this article is to answer the question of what points of similarity and difference exist between China's BRI with the US Marshall plan and the Soviet Molotov plan. In this article, by examining the context and objectives of these super-projects, the similarities and differences between the above projects have been studied and compared.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • BRI
  • Marshall plan
  • CMEA
  • China
  • US
  • Soviet Union
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