اجرای حقوق بین‌الملل محیط‌زیست در نظام حقوقی ایران: فرصت‌ها و چالش‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستخرج از رساله

نویسندگان

1 حقوق محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

2 عضو هیئت علمی و رییس موسسه تخصصی حقوق بین الملل کانادا، تورنتو، کانادا

3 استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

چکیده

از جمله مؤلفه‏های نگران کننده نظام‏های حاکمیتی با هر ایدئولوژی متفاوت، حفاظت محیط‏زیست از گذر اجرای حقوق بین‏الملل محیط‏زیست است. این رویکرد می‏تواند در چگونگی و حفاظت از کره زمین و مخاطرات احتمالی پیش‏روی آن، مؤثر واقع شود. در این پرتو، اصل بر آن است که حقوق بین ‏الملل محیط‏زیست در نظام حقوقی ایران اجرا ‏شود. این مهم در مؤلفه فراقانونی و از رهگذر اساسی ‏سازی حقوق بین‏الملل محیط‏زیست که در اصول 77 و 125 قانون اساسی و قانونی از نگاه ماده 9 قانون مدنی که عهود و اسناد بین ‏المللی را در حکم قانون می‏پندارد؛ هویدا می‏باشد. بدین‏سان، از یک سو، فرصت‏های حقوقی- قانونی به ‏عنوان بستری ضروری برای اجرای حقوق بین‏ الملل محیط‏زیست مهیا و فراهم می‏باشد. نوشتار پیش رو که به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی نگاشته شده، درصدد پاسخ به این پرسش اصلی است که اجرای حقوق بین ‏الملل محیط‏زیست در نظام حقوقی ایران، با چه فرصت‏ها و تهدیدهایی مواجه است؟ پژوهش حاضر در نهایت به این نتیجه رسیده است که گرچه ماده 9 قانون مدنی راه حلی کلی برای اجرای معاهدات بین‏المللی ارائه داده ولی علاوه بر تفسیر بردار بودن آن، نسبت به سایر منابع حقوق بین‏الملل ساکت و صامت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Implementation of the International Environmental Law in Iranian Legal System: Opportunities and Challenges

نویسندگان [English]

  • AzamTehran Parandeh Motlagh 1
  • Abbas Poorhashemi 2
  • Shirin Shirazian 3
  • Ali Zare 4
1 Environmental law, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Scientific Member and President of the Canadian Institute for International Law Expertise (CIFILE), Toronto, Canada
3 Assistant Professor and Faculty Member, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
4 Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Sciences & Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the preoccupations in the components of governance systems with any different ideology is protecting the environment by implementing international environmental law. This article's main issue is to analyze the implementation of international environmental law in the Iranian legal system. The importance of the issue is increasingly recognized in the extra-legal component and through the fundamentalization of international environmental law. This principle is reflected in Articles 77 and 125 of the Constitution and Article 9 of the Civil Code, which considers international treaties as "national laws". Thus, on the one hand, legal opportunities are provided as a necessary basis for implementing international environmental law. However, the question here is, what are the obstacles or challenges for implementing environmental law in the Iranian legal system? This article attempts to analyze the legal and practical gaps related to implementing international environmental law in Iran and presenting  suggestions to solving those issues.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Article 9 of the Iranian Civil Code
  • Comparative Law
  • Duality and unity
  • Implementation of International Law
  • International Environmental Law

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