منابع حقوق بین‌الملل سرمایه‌گذاری؛ تفوق قوانین داخلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستقل

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی مقطع دکتری حقوق بین الملل، گروه حقوق بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه حقوق، دانشگاه پیام نور، البرز، ایران.

چکیده

حقوق بین‌الملل سرمایه‌گذاری به عنوان یک نظام حقوقی، از نظام های فرعی یا تخصصی حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی شناخته می‌شود. فارغ از ماهیت این نظام حقوقی، هنجارها و قواعد آن برای سالیان متمادی نسبت به دولت‌ها و سرمایه‌گذاران ( اعم از اشخاص حقیقی و حقوقی) اعمال گشته است. در خصوص منابع این نظام هنوز در میان علمای حقوق اجماع به وجود نیامده است؛ برخی در پرتو منابع مقرر در ماده (38) اساسنامه دیوان، منابع حقوق بین‌الملل سرمایه‌گذاری را تعریف می‌نمایند و گروهی با تفاوت‌هایی، نظم دیگری را برای منابع این نظام حقوقی ترسیم نمودهاند. به هر روی، کماکان منابع این حوزه به نحوی مستدل و مستند تبیین نشده است. در جهت اثبات چنین درکی، این مقاله بدنبال ارائه پاسخ به این سوال است که «منابع حقوق بین‌الملل سرمایه‌گذاری کدام است و هرکدام از این منابع چه نقشی در تکامل قواعد حقوق بینالملل سرمایه‌گذاری داشته‌اند؟». از این‌رو با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و با جمع‌آوری اطلاعات به شیوه کتابخانه‌ای، در راستای اثبات این فرضیه قدم برداشته شده که قوانین داخلی کشورها، معاهدات، حقوق بین‌الملل عرفی و اصول کلی حقوقی از منابع اصلی این حوزه محسوب میشود و منابع فرعی آن نیز شامل تصمیمات قضائی و آموزه‌های مولفین میباشد. در همین راستا پس از بیان مقدمه، پیشینه پژوهش، مبانی نظری و تاریخچه مبحث، به آزمون فرضیه مقاله پرداخته شده و در پایان این نتیجه حاصل شده که قوانین داخلی همچنان مهمترین منبع حقوق بین‌الملل سرمایه‌گذاری است و دیگر منابع اصلی و فرعی در حقیقت نقش تکمیلی برای قوانین داخلی کشورها را ایفاء می‌نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Sources of International Investment Law; the Primacy of National Legislations

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Akefi Ghaziani 1
  • Moosa Akefi Ghaziani 2
1 Ph.D. Student in International Law, Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
2 Assistant professor, Department of Law, Payame Noor University, Alborz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

International Investment Law is generally recognized as a law system among the subsystems or the specialized systems of Public International Law. Regardless of this system’s nature, its norms and rules have been applied to the governments and the investors (incl. individuals and corporations) for many years. However, there is still no consensus among the scholars regarding the sources of this system; some define these sources in light of the established sources under Article 38 of the Statute of ICJ, and others draw a different set, albeit with some variations. However, the sources of this system have not yet been reasonably and scientifically explained. To achieve such an apprehension, this article attempts to answer the question “What are the sources of international investment law, and how they have contributed to the evolution of the rules of the system?”. Therefore, through a descriptive-analytical method and in qualitative research nature, this article pursues the assumption that the national legislations, treaties, international customary law, and the general principles of law are the primary sources in this field; subsidiary sources are namely judicial decisions and legal teachings. In this regard, the present article examines its assumption after providing an introduction, research background, theoretical foundations, and a brief history of the concept; Eventually, it is concluded that the national legislations are by far the most important source of international investment law, and we can safely say that other primary and subsidiary sources indeed play an important, though a supplementary role for these legislations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • National legislations
  • Treaties
  • International Regulations
  • Customary Law
  • General principles of law
  • Judicial decisions "
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