کاربرد فناوری نانو از منظر حقوق بین الملل محیط زیست

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستخرج از رساله

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی حقوق محیط زیست، گروه حقوق محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 عضو هیات علمی و رییس موسسه تخصصی حقوق بین الملل کانادا، تورنتو، کانادا.

3 دانشیار،گروه حقوق بین الملل،دانشکده حقوق،دانشگاه قم،قم-ایران

4 دانشیار،گروه حقوق،دانشکده حقوق وعلوم سیاسی،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب،تهران-ایران

چکیده

فناوری‌نانو با ابداع و بکارگیری راهکارهایی از قبیل حذف یا پاکسازی آلاینده‌های موجود در آب، خاک و هوا و سایر عناصرطبیعی، نقش مهمی درکاهش مصرف موادخام، پیشگیری و رفع آلودگیهای زیست‌محیطی، حفظ منابع‌طبیعی و محیط‌زیست دارد. البته خطرات احتمالی تعدادی از نانومواد مهندسی‌شده برروی سلامت انسان ومحیط‌زیست می‌تواند زمینه‌ای برای تخریب یا آلودگی محیط‌زیست نیز به دنبال داشته باشد. معاهدات و اصول کلی بین‌الملل، محدودیتها و مقرراتی را بطور ضمنی برای کاربرد فناوری‌نانو توسط کشورها مشخص کرده است. مساله این تحقیق، کاربرد فناوری‌نانو از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل محیط‌زیست است که با هدف تبیین مقررات حقوقی بین‌المللی در استفاده از این فناوری انجام شده است. نوشتار پیش رو که به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی نگاشته شده، درصدد پاسخ به این سوال است که با توجه به آثار بکارگیری فناوری‌نانو بر محیط‌زیست، این امراز منظر حقوق‌ ‌بین‌الملل محیط‌زیست چه جایگاهی داشته و چه قواعدی برآن حاکم است؟ لذا ضمن اثبات تاثیرات زیاد فناوری‌نانو در توسعه حقوق محیط‌زیست، در نهایت به این نتیجه رسیده است که علی‌رغم اهمیت فناوری‌نانو و تاثیرات آن در توسعه حقوق بین‌الملل محیط‌زیست، چارچوب حقوقی الزام‌آورخاصی برای آن درسطح بین‌الملل وجود‌ ندارد و درواقع قوانین ومعاهدات‌بین‌المللی موجود در حوزه حقوق محیط‌زیست، فاقد ضمانت اجرایی کافی هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of Nanotechnology from the Perspective of International Environmental Law

نویسندگان [English]

  • Niloofar Sadeghi 1
  • Abbas Poorhashemi 2
  • Ali Mashhadi 3
  • Ali Faghihhabibi 4
1 Ph.D. student in Environmental law, Department of Environmental law, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 President of the Canadian Institute for International Law Expertise (CIFILE), Toronto, Canada.
3 Associate Prof.Department of International Law.Faculty of Law.University of Qom.Qom-Iran
4 Associate Prof. Department of Law.Faculty of Law and Political Science .Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch,Tehran-Iran
چکیده [English]

Nanotechnology plays an important role in reducing the consumption of raw materials, preventing and eliminating environmental pollutions, protection natural resources and the environment by inventing and applying solutions such as removing or purifying pollutants in water, soil, air and other natural elements. Of course, the potential dangers of a number of engineered nanomaterials on human health and the environment can also lead to environmental degradation or pollution. General international treaties and principles have implicit restrictions and regulations on the use of nanotechnology by countries. The subject of this research is the application of nanotechnology from the perspective of international environmental law, which has been done with the aim of explaining the international legal regulations in the use of this technology. The present article, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical manner, seeks to answer the question that according to the effects of the use of nanotechnology on the environment, what is the position of this issue from the perspective of international environmental law and what are the rules governing it. Therefore, while proving the great effects of nanotechnology on the development of environmental law, it has finally been concluded that despite the importance of nanotechnology and its effects on the development of international environmental law, there is no specific binding legal framework for it at the international level and in fact, existing international laws and treaties in the field of environmental law do not have sufficient executive guarantees.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Nanotechnology"
  • "Environmental protection"
  • "Potential Risks"
  • "Use of Nanomaterials"
  • "International Environmental Law "

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