مکتب انگلیسی و جایگاه حقوق بین‌الملل در جامعه بین‌المللی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستخرج از رساله

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه حقوق بین الملل عمومی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار عضو هیأت علمی گروه روابط بین‌الملل، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، کرج، ایران.

3 استادیار عضو هیأت علمی گروه حقوق بین‌الملل، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

در نگاه رایج متاثر از نظریه واقع‌گرایی، حقوق بین‌الملل صرفا ابزاری مدرن در خدمت قدرت‌های بزرگ است تا دستیابی به اهداف آنان قانونی جلوه کند و تا زمانی مورد احترام است که برای منافع ملی سود‌آور باشد. در واقع پشت نقاب زیبا و فریبنده حقوق بین‌الملل سیاست‌های مداخله‌گرانه و منافع خودخواهانه پنهان است. در مقابل شاخه سولیداریسم مکتب انگلیسی بدون انکار نقش محوری حاکمیت دولت‌ها، درشکل‌گیری اجماع جهانی بر هنجارهای حقوق بین‌الملل وکم‌رنگ شدن خط فاصل میان جامعه داخلی و بین‌‌المللی تمرکز دارد و به عنوان یکی از پایه‌های نظری پارادایم حکمرانی خوب، با تاکید بر هنجارهای حقوق بین‌الملل بشر دولت‌ها را به سمت رعایت استانداردهای حکمرانی سوق می‌دهد. این که آیا رویکرد مکتب انگلیسی به حقوق بین‌الملل توانسته استانداردهای حقوق بشر و حکمرانی مطلوب در جامعه بین‌المللی را ارتقاء بخشد؟ سوال این مقاله است که با بهره‌گیری از روش گردآوری داده‌ها از نوع اسنادی از طریق کتاب‌ها، مقالات، سایت‌ها و منابع اینترنتی، به این نتیجه رسیدیم که گرچه نظام حقوقی بین‌الملل مشتمل بر قواعد افقی و مبتنی برهمکاری تابعان است. اما دولت‌ها به موجب همین قواعد و هنجارهای مشترک جامعه‌ بین‌المللی را می‌سازند و با محدود نمودن خود به رعایت این مقررات، تخطی از موازین حقوق بشر و استانداردهای حکمرانی را غیرمجاز می‌دانند و به لحاظ حفظ اعتبار و مشروعیت بین‌المللی خود به راحتی حاضر به کنارگذاشتن آنها نیستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The English School and the Position of International law in the International Society

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jalal Eddin Shirjian 1
  • Afshin Zargar 2
  • Fatemeh Keyhanlou 3
  • Amir Mahmoody 3
1 PhD. Student of Department of Public International Law, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2 Assistant Professor at Department of International Relations, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
3 Assistant Professor at Department of International Law, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

In the common view, which is influenced by the theory of realism, international law is merely a modern tool in the service of the great powers to legitimize their access to their goals and is respected until being beneficial for the national interest. In fact, interfering politics and selfish interests are hidden behind the beautiful and deceptive mask of international law. On the other hand, the solidarism approach of English school, without denying the crucial role of state sovereignty, focuses on the formation of a global consensus on norms of international law and fading away the border between internal and international society and as one of the theoretical bases of good governance paradigm, encourages states to regard the standards of democratic governance by emphasizing on the norms of international human rights. The question of this article is: “Has English school approach towards international law been able to improve human rights and good governance standards?” The question is responded by the documentary method of collecting data through books, articles, websites and internet sources. we reached to this conclusion that even though the international legal system consists of horizontal rules and is based on the co-operation of the subjects, However, governments build the international community according to these common rules and norms, and by limiting themselves to complying with these rules, they consider violations of human rights standards and governance standards unauthorized and are not willing to abandon them easily in order to maintain their international credibility and legitimacy. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "English School Theory"
  • International society"
  • 'The international legal system'
  • "Good Governance"
  • "Human rights' Norms"
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