تغییرهای روابط ایالات متحده و فدراسیون روسیه در دوره مدودیف

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستقل

نویسنده

گروه مطالعات منطقه ای - دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی- دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

پس از سقوط اتحاد شوروی، روابط ایالات متحده و فدراسیون روسیه فراز و نشیب‌هایی بسیار را تجربه کرده است. دوران باور به پایان رقابت طولانی مدت جنگ سرد میان دو کشور، برای اثبات تحلیل مثبت­ سیاستمداران غربی، بسیار کوتاه بود. تحولات پس از آن به سرعت نشان داد که میان برداشت واشنگتن و روسیه از صلح و امنیت، فاصله زیادی وجود دارد. از یک­سو، نگرانی روسیه در مورد جمهوری‌های پیشین اتحاد شوروی، به­تدریج با تأثیرهای ناشی از جنگ جهانی علیه تروریسم افزایش یافت. از سوی دیگر حضور روزافزون آمریکا در غرب آسیا، افغانستان و عراق، برنامه هسته‌ای ایران، استقرار سیستم دفاع موشکی آمریکا در اروپا و سپس بحران سوریه زمینه را برای رویارویی بیشتر دو کشور فراهم کرد. یک دهه پس از استقلال جمهوری‌های پیشین شوروی، رئیس جمهور روسیه ولادیمیر پوتین، سیاست خارجی عمل‌گرایی را طراحی و پایه‌گذاری کرد. دیمیتری مدودیف رئیس جمهوری بعدی، این سیاست را در مسیر "بازشروع" قرار داد که با مشکلات پیچیده‌ای روبه رو شد. پرسشی که در این مقاله مطرح می­شود از این قرار است: دلایل داخلی، منطقه‌ای و بین­المللی تغییر روابط ایالات متحده و روسیه در زمان ریاست جمهوری مدودیف چیست؟ این مقاله بر روش توصیفی- تحلیلی استوار است و به منظور بررسی سازوکارهای این تغییر از دیدگاه روسیه، به مطالعه و بررسی این موضوع می­پردازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes in Russia-US Relations under Medvedev

نویسنده [English]

  • ELAHEH KOOLAEE
Regional Studies Department faculty of Law and Political Science University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the US and Russian Federation relations have been experienced ups and downs. The period of believing the end of long-lasting competition between the two countries after the cold war was too short enough to approve the optimistic analysis of Westerners politicians. The next developments showed quickly the distance between Moscow and Washington’s views on issues of international peace and security. On the one hand, Russia’s growing concerns about the former republics on its own periphery were intensified by the increasing effects of the Global War on Terrorism. On the other hand, the US growing presence in West Asia, Afghanistan and Iraq, and then Syrian crisis, Iranian nuclear program and deployment of the US Missile Defense System in Europe, prepared the ground for creating more confrontation between them. A decade after the independence of the former Soviet Republics, Russian president, Vladimir Putin, crafted and fixed a pragmatic foreign policy. Dmitry Medvedev, the next President of Russia, put this policy on the path of “reset”, which is now facing with complicated problems. However, the question raised by this article is: “What internal, regional or international factors changed the Russian and US relations during Medvedev's presidency? This paper is based on a descriptive-analytic method, and to examine the mechanisms of this change from the Russian point of view, it studies the positions of its experts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Russia
  • the US
  • Europe
  • Medvedev
  • Obama
  • Putin
  • Bush
  • Near Abroad
  • Middle East
  • Missile Defense System
  • New START Treaty

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