برجام؛ اعضای آن و حقوق بین الملل

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستقل

نویسنده

کارشناس روابط بین‌الملل در وزارت امور خارجه

چکیده

در تاریخ 23 تیر 1394 ( 14 جولای 2015) ، برنامه جامع اقدام مشترک(برجام) پس از مذاکرات طولانی میان وزرای امور خارجه جمهوری اسلامی ایران ، سه کشور اروپایی ( فرانسه، انگلیس و آلمان)، روسیه، چین ، ایالات متحده آمریکا و مسئول سیاست خارجی اتحادیه اروپا نهایی شد.
بلافاصله و درست شش روز پس از این تاریخ ، شورای امنیت سازمان ملل با تصویب قطعنامه 2231 ، ضمن تاکید بر الزام آور بودن برجام، از تمامی طرفهای این توافق درخواست کرد تا تعهدات مندرج در این سند را بطور کامل انجام دهند.
با این حال و برخلاف تعهدات صریح برجام و تاکیدات شورای امنیت، ایالات متحده آمریکا از همان آغاز دوره اجرایی برجام، با بی اعتنایی به این سند الزام آور بین‌المللی، اقدام به تضعیف برجام نمود و سرانجام در تاریخ 18 اردیبهشت 1397(8 می‌2018)، رئیس جمهور آمریکا ، خروج یکجانبه کشورش از برجام را بطور رسمی اعلام نمود.
این اقدام آمریکا در حالی صورت می‌پذیرد که از دیدگاه حقوق بین الملل، برجام یک موافقتنامه سیاسی چند جانبه منضم به قطعنامه شورای امنیت بوده و خروج یکجانبه از این سند شورای امنیت توسط یکی از طرفهای آن، آنگونه که در موافقتنامه‌های دوجانبه امکان آن وجود دارد، ممکن نیست. 
بررسی ماهیت حقوقی برجام ، رویکرد سازمان ملل متحد و حقوق بین الملل به این سند و مسئولیتها و تعهدات اعضای برجام و سایر اعضای ملل متحد در ارتباط با این سند، موضوعات با اهمیتی است که سزاوار بررسی حقوقی می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

JCPOA: The Participants and International Law

نویسنده [English]

  • Alireza Delkhosh
expert of International Studies in MFA in Iran.
چکیده [English]

On 14 July 2015, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) was finalized, marking the end of long-term negotiations between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of both Iran and the E3/EU+3. Only six days later, the United Nations Security Council askedall participants of JCPOA to fully implement the deal. It also adopted Resolution 2231 and terminated all previous resolutions.
However, despite all absolute commitments of the participants of JCPOA and contrary to theU.N. Security Council resolution, the U.S. overlooked the deal starting from the implementation day. Eventually,the current U.S. President, Donald Trump, announced on Tuesday, May 8, 2018, that he will withdraw the United States from the Iran nuclear deal.
Nevertheless, according to international law, JCPOA is not considered a bilateral agreement and so does not provide grounds for any participants to alter their position asthey wish. Rather, it is a multilateral political comprehension endorsed by the UNSC and has a binding nature deriving from Resolution 2231. This resolution reiterates full and holistic implementation of JCPOA and prohibits any violation regardingthe deal.
The main question of the present paperis about the legal nature of the JCPOA. The approach of the UNSC towards JCPOA and the responsibilities of the participants and other U.N. member states toward JCPOA are other questions thatare worth considering from an international perspective.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • JCPOA
  • Cooperation
  • International Commitments
  • IAEA
  • UNSC 2231
  1. Ca

 

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