فصلنامه مطالعات بین‌ المللی

فصلنامه مطالعات بین‌ المللی

دوباره هرگز؟ عبرت‌آموز از حادثه 11 سپتامبر برای بهبود اطلاعات راهبردی آینده

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی-پژوهشی مستخرج از پایان‌نامه

نویسنده
She is the CEO and Founder of 360 Research & Consulting, and has consulted and conducted research on behalf of various public, private and nonprofit actors including the U.S. Government, Government of Sweden and the International Organization for Migration (IOM) (U.N. Migration). She is the author of Migration in Timor-Leste: A Country Profile 2019, due to be released later this year. She has an MSc from the University of Leicester as well as a BSc and BSS from Mid Sweden University, and is currently completing an LLM at Euclid University
10.22034/isj.2019.253913
چکیده
هدف این مقاله تعیین این موضوع است که آیا مهمترین درسهای آموخته شده از حملات تروریستی علیه ایالات متحده آمریکا در 11 سپتامبر 2001 در عمل برای بهبود کارآیی مؤسسات دولتی متعهد به ضدتروریسم استفاده شده است؟ دامنه تحقیقات محدود به مطالعه قابلیت های اطلاعاتی استراتژیک جامعه اطلاعاتی ایالات متحده و نقش آن در مبارزه با تروریسم است. در این مقاله از مفهوم سیستم‌های یکدستگی سازمانی متقابل برای پشتیبانی از این استدلال استفاده شده است که درسهایی که از سازمانهای اطلاعاتی فردی در جامعه اطلاعاتی استفاده می‌شود می‌تواند در سراسر جامعه از طریق فرایند یادگیری فعال استفاده شود. علاوه بر این، استدلال می‌شود که کاربرد کافی این یادگیریها می تواند به پیشرفت بینشی فعال کمک کند. بعنوان مثال، فرایندی پیشگیرانه که از طریق آن می توان علائم هشدار دهنده اولیه را شناسایی ، اطلاعات عملی را استخراج و توطئه های احتمالی ترور را خنثی کرد. مطالعه موردی شامل یکسری مشاوره ها با متخصصین مجرب اطلاعاتی بود تا در مورد شکستهای سیستماتیک ، شیفت پارادایمی و پیشرفت های سازمانی از زمان شروع این دسته از حملات تروریستی بحث شود. سرانجام ، این مقاله نتیجه می گیرد در حالی که جامعه اطلاعاتی از حملات یازده سپتامبر درسهای قابل توجهی آموخته است، برای حفظ حرکت و جلوگیری از حمله بزرگ تروریستی دیگر علیه ایالات متحده اصلاحات و منابع بیشتری مورد نیاز است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Never Again? Learning from September 11 to Improve Tomorrow’s Strategic Intelligence

نویسنده English

Jenny K. Wright
مدیرعامل و بنیانگذار تحقیق و مشاوره 360 که به نمایندگی از بازیگران مختلف دولتی خصوصی و غیرانتفاعی از جمله دولت ایالات متحده، دولت سوئد و سازمان بین‌المللی مهاجرت، مشاوره و تحقیقاتی انجام داده است.
چکیده English

The aim of this paper is to determine whether the most critical lessons learned from the terrorist attacks against the U.S. on September 11, 2001 have been applied in practice to improve the efficiency of the government institutions entrusted with counterterrorism. The scope of the research is limited to the study of the strategic intelligence capabilities of the U.S. intelligence community (IC) and its role in combating terrorism. This paper used the systems concept of cross-organizational isomorphism to support the argument that the lessons learned from the individual intelligence organizations within the IC can be applied community-wide through a process of active learning. Furthermore, it argues that sufficient application of these lessons can assist the development of active foresight, i.e. a proactive process through which early warning signs can be identified, actionable intelligence derived, and potential terror plots thwarted. A case study was conducted involving a series of consultations with experienced intelligence professionals to discuss systematic failures, paradigm shifts, and organizational improvements since these terrorist attacks. Finally, this paper concludes that while the IC learned significant lessons from the 9/11 attacks, more reforms and resources are needed to maintain the momentum and prevent another major terrorist attack against the U.S.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Intelligence
Terrorism
National Security
Homeland Security
Government
Risk Management
Security
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