The environment, as the primary foundation for human growth and development, holds special importance, particularly in the contemporary era, when human awareness of its inseparable connection to the environment has increased. Modern international law, as it has developed, has prioritized environmental protection. Although environmental issues have not yet been independently regulated in many legal systems, they have gradually gained recognition and significance. The environment is highly vulnerable, and even minor damage can have destructive, long-term effects. Russia's war against Ukraine, ongoing since 2022, represents a clear example of such destruction, as it has severely polluted Ukraine's water, soil, air, and ecosystems and has caused irreparable damage to the environment of this country. Accordingly, the main research question is what sanctions exist for environmental destruction in wars, and to what extent are they enforceable? This study adopts a descriptive–analytical method and relies on library sources and international documents. The findings indicate that although instruments such as the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions and the Statute of the International Criminal Court provide specific rules in this area, effective sanctions to compel states to comply with these rules and to compensate for war-related environmental damage are lacking in practice.