The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) was established more than a decade ago. Its parent body, the UN Security Council, is currently urging the ICTR to come to a close. At this juncture, it is therefore appropriate to provide an assessment of the ICTR’s functioning. Most scholarly articles so far have focused on the legal output of the ICTR. However, the current assessment is made from a different perspective. It focuses on one specific organ of the ICTR, namely the Prosecution. After a brief outline of the role and tasks of the Prosecution, this article evaluates the prosecutorial strategy and gives an overview of the obstacles that the Prosecution faces in executing its strategy. In this article it is demonstrated that the ICTR Prosecution developed a prosecutorial strategy that is based on three models. Although the Security Council emphasised the importance of prosecuting the most senior leaders that bear most responsibility, the ICTR Prosecution maintained that also other criteria remained relevant for its prosecutorial strategy. These criteria included the geographical spread, the extent of participation, and prospects for dealing with the suspect or accused through other mechanisms. It remains to be seen though, whether the Prosecution will be courageous enough to initiate prosecutions of the alleged RPF-crimes. The rebels of the Rwandan Patriotic Front perpetrated in Byumba in 1994.