Respect for human rights constitutes one of the essential elements for social reconciliation iri a post-conflict situation. Therefore، it must be one of the pillars of Transitional Justice. Thus the first task will be to analyze which rights have been violated during an "intonation 1 crisis". The second task should be to determine the mechanisms and measures to be used in order to build political systems that respect human rights. This is the first step towards enforcing the right to reparation of victims of human rights violations. In this paper، the focus is on the violations of human rights committed by Israel against the Palestinian population of the occupied territories، with special reference to the Gaza strip. The fact that this is the adopted focus does not mean، however، that human rights violations have not been committed by the different Palestinian political factions. Nevertheless، it is an established fact that the protracted character of the occupation and the outbreak of different armed conflicts throughout a period of almost forty years have created a dramatic humanitarian situation for the Palestinian population in the area. A transversal idea inspires this paper throughout: peace، human rights and development are inseparable and interconnected elements. Lastly، sustainable peace demands respect for human rights with a view to the future، but it also calls for the healing of past wounds. A definitive solution to the conflict requires a more humane conduct on the part of both Israelis and Palestinians.