فصلنامه مطالعات بین‌ المللی

فصلنامه مطالعات بین‌ المللی

مواضع دولت های اروپایی در قبال بحران اوکراین: توافق‌ها و اختلاف‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستقل

نویسندگان
علیرضا ثمودی 1
محمدرضا محمدی 2
1 استادیار عضو هیأت علمی پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی.
2 دانشجوی دکتر روابط بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق،علوم سیاسی و الهیات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/isj.2025.408286.2045
چکیده
در کنار بحران‌هایی همچون بحران مالی سال 2008 و بحران بدهی‌های ملی،بحران مهاجرت، خروج بریتانیا از اتحادیه اروپا، قدرت‌یابی احزاب دست راستی اروپایی و بحران کرونا، بحران اوکراین به چالشی بزرگ برای همگرایی اروپایی تبدیل شده است و پیامدهای گسترده‌ای بر آینده پروژه همگرایی اروپایی خواهد داشت. پس از حمله روسیه به اوکراین در فوریه 2022، رهبران اتحادیه اروپا به سرعت درباره اعمال تحریم‌های فراگیر بر ضد اقتصاد روسیه و ارائه کمک‌های مالی و نظامی به اوکراین به توافق رسیدند. آنها دریافتند که ترکیبی از اتحادیه اروپا، نهادهای بین‌المللی، توسعه ناتو و وابستگی اقتصادی نمی‌تواند به یک دوره صلح پایدار میان کشورها منجر شود. اگر چه در ماه‌های ابتدایی شروع این بحران، دولت‌های عضو اتحادیه اروپا توانسته‌اند وحدت قابل توجهی از خود در قبال روسیه نشان دهند، اما این احتمال وجود دارد که کشورهای اروپایی به ویژه در حوزه انرژی دچار اختلاف شوند. این مقاله با استفاده از چارچوب نظری نوواقع‌گرایی به این سوال پاسخ می‌دهد که مواضع اتحادیه اروپا در قبال جنگ اوکراین و روسیه چگونه بوده است؟ با این فرض که تهدید مشترک، بزرگترین موج همگرایی کشورهای اروپایی پس از جنگ جهانی دوم را رقم زده، به حوزه‌های توافق و اختلاف دولت‌های عضو اتحادیه اروپا و ایستار شهروندان اروپایی در قبال بحران اروپا می‌پردازد. یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از آنست که چنانچه اتحادیه اروپا بتواند از آزمون اوکراین با موفقیت خارج شود، در داخل اتحادیه نوعی موازنه جدید ایجاد خواهد شد و مدل اقتصادی آن از روسیه جدا خواهد شد و بروکسل موضع قوی‌تری در برابر مسکو خواهد داشت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
اوکراین
همگرایی اروپایی
اتحادیه اروپا
انرژی
روسیه

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Stances of European Governments on Ukraine Crisis: Agreements and Conflicts

نویسندگان English

Alireza Samoudi 1
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi 2
1 Assistant Prof. at Research Institute of RISS.
2 PhD student of International Relations, Faculty of Law, Political Science and Theology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Unit, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

The outbreak of the Russo–Ukrainian War has altered the security dynamics of Europe and compelled European countries and the European Union (EU) to prioritize their defensive capacities and military capabilities. Turning into a major obstacle to the future of European convergence, this war ran counter to many post-Cold War assumptions, such as the low likelihood of military conflicts in Europe. In addition to the 2008 financial crisis, the influx of illegal immigrants to Europe, and Brexit, the Ukraine crisis will further threaten the future of European convergence. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, EU leaders enacted comprehensive sanctions against Russia and authorized military and financial assistance to Ukraine. However, there may be disagreements among the member states, particularly on energy issues. This study employed the theoretical framework of neorealism to analyze the EU stances on the Russo–Ukrainian War. It also investigated the agreements and conflicts between European states as well as the opinions of European citizens regarding this crisis. The results showed that the EU's success in managing the Ukraine crisis could lead to a new balance of power within the EU and reduce the economic dependence of Europe on Russia. Therefore, Brussels can adopt a more assertive stance on Moscow.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Ukraine
European convergence
European Union (EU)
Energy
Russia
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