The international system has observed China's rising power in recent years, as this country more assertively pursues its national interests globally. The Middle East is a region of significant importance to China. It attracts global powers, including China, because of its great contribution to the world's energy supply and its geostrategic position. Consequently, Saudi Arabia, as a principal power, plays a major role in China's foreign policy. This descriptive-analytical study employed desk studies as the data collection method to answer the following question: What are the components and challenges of China’s foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia? The general result of the research suggests that the main components forming China’s foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia are influenced by Saudi Arabia's guarantee of energy security, maintenance of stability in the Arabian Peninsula, support for the Belt and Road Initiative in this region, help in providing the security of the Silk Road maritime route in the Red Sea, alignment of the Persian Gulf States with China's foreign policy and their collaboration in fighting terrorist groups. In addition, the main challenges threatening China’s foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia are Iran's economic and political relations with China, Saudi Arabia's strategic relations with the US, and the unclear situation of Uyghur Muslims.