Differences between Good Governance and Defective Governance

Document Type : Original Independent Original Article

Author

Professor at Imam Hossein University.

Abstract

The main question of this article is what is good governance and what are its differences with bad governance? This article was compiled based on sources and library study in the field of governance . In the explanation of the article, descriptive-analytical methodology with the aim of examining two categories of defective governance and optimal governance. The findings and conclusions show that the development and progress as well as the backwardness of any nation is rooted in the country's governance. It is the quality and function of governance that determines whether governance is desirable or defective. Good governance requires the use of a set of policies and strategies in order to increase the efficiency and performance of the government in satisfying the people, also increasing the competition in the political and economic fields, as well as making the government more responsive and efficient and modern. Defective governance, which occurs by putting pressure on the people and imposing the desires of the rulers on different strata, causes a decrease in national satisfaction and a decrease in the performance as well as inefficiency of the government compared to other competing countries. In defective governance, those who have more qualifications and professional competence are left aside and those who have less competence take over the administration of the country's affairs. The results of this article will be able to evaluate, guide or modify a wide range of actions needed in the field of governance in the form of recommendations and policy packages.

Highlights

Introduction 

Governance is the concept of managing society and country to achieve the targets that people seek to live a safe and proper life. It is natural that without creating appropriate and efficient government structures, it is not possible to realize governance in the current era. Therefore, governance has only one logical and reasonable definition, that is the ultimate use of governance from what is possible in the country and what is the reality of the world in order to provide a better life for the citizens. In any case, the implementation of national interests begins with understanding the national and international realities. It is natural that looking into and realizing the future, understanding numbers and figures, avoiding pre-judgment and most importantly understanding the facts and being familiar with the scientific and systematic tools of moving from point A to point B, bring transformation in society and increases the function of governance.

How, good or bad governance is, like all other categories, is relative. It may be said that in the present era, there is no good governance anywhere in the world, nor is there a completely defective governance. Governance is related to things that the people of a country cannot do alone. Therefore, there is a need to create organizations and institutions so that the rulers by using them, can manage the collective affairs and society's issues for all the people.

 

Research Method 

In the explanation of the article, descriptive-analytical methodology with qualitative-exploratory approach, content analysis and the method of collecting library information have been used with the aim of examining the differences between the two categories of defective governance and good governance.

 

Result and Finding

Society is a living and dynamic organism. Individual people in a society are powerful and capable. Rulers cannot simply move them like the employees of an office or impose their taste on them. Bosses cannot impose on people what to say and what not to say. What they see and what they don't see. Whether they read or not. How to be or not to be, how to think or not. Therefore, the governance of such societies can be defective or goodaccording to the type of governance system.

The result of the research shows that many of the failures of the governments are rooted in governance problems. The criterion for evaluating any type of governance is to what extent it provides the basis for activities and proper and better life for people and citizens. Four main characteristics of good governance:

From a functional and efficient point of view, increasing the rate of progress and giving priority to the economic growth and development of the country. In terms of how to form and create an inclusive political system and the effectiveness of the main rulers with the vote of the majority of the people, In terms of acceptability, the ability to gain the consent of the majority of society and from the general point of view, the observance of human rights, especially for opponents and dissidents. 

Instead of defective governance lacks all or most indicators of the components, is an good governance, therefore, the deterioration or improvement of the country's cultural, economic and security situation is related to the quality and manner of governance. The quality of governance causes the foreign policy of a country to be sanctioned and suspended or to establish good and constructive relations with different countries, to destroy the environment or to pay attention to climate change, as well as social and cultural policies that generate conflict and dispute or the method of adapting to God's people should be placed on the agenda of the government.

In good governance, a set of rules, laws and regulations govern the society, but in defective governance, the moods and views of the rulers are the basis of the country's management. It should be noted that as the society matures and its capacities and demands are increased, the power of the governance system and structure must also increase so that the good governance does not move towards defective governance. Therefore, according to the policy of “Interdependence" through cooperation and competition with the global system, governments can actively interact in order to gain "economic contribution" and as a result "political influence" and " Cultural impact " in different countries.

 

Conclusion 

In order to establish good governance, those involved in governance must have a correct understanding of the world situation and the facts and realities of the country, and based on that, create up-to-date systems based on new technologies so that the governance system is less about individuals and more about the "system". rely on any case, the government and society need practice and self-correction to achieve good governance. Therefore, good governance with a realistic view leads the society towards peace, security, development and integration. However, moving away from good governance indicators causes defective governance and directs the society towards passive or destructive behaviors and increases dissatisfaction.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Abi Talib, A. (2014). Nahj Al-Balagha, by Seyyed Razi, translated by Fethullah Kashani, Tehran: Nahj al-Balagha Foundation. (In Persian)
  2. Acemoglu, D. (2008). Interactions Between Governance and Growth. In: World Bank. Governance Growth and Development Decision-making, at: https://drodrik.scholar.harvard.edu/files/dani-rodrik/files/thinking-about-governance.pdf
  3. Amidi, A.F. (2007). Gharar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalam, Qom: Dar al-Kitab al-Islamiyyah.
  4. Baradran Shoraka, H., & Malek Alsadati, S. (2008), Good Governance; The key to the development of Southwest Asia. A Quarterly Journal of Strategy, 15(4), 359-384. (In Persian)
  5. Beaver, M. (2010). Governance; Very short income. Translated by G. Salimi and D. Karimipour, Tehran: National Defense University Publications. (In Persian)
  6. Bevir, M. (2011). The SAGE handbook of governance. Thousand oaks: SAGE. Encyclopedia of Governance. California: SAGE Publicati
  7. Buchanan, A. (2013). The heart of human rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  8. Davoudi, S., & Rostamnejad, M. (2009). Ashura: roots, motivations, events, consequences, Qom: Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib Publications. (In Persian)
  9. Emamzadehfard, P. E. (2011). The Role of Human Rights in Good Governance. The Journal of Human Rights, 06(1), 31-44. (In Persian)
  10. Eyvazi, M.R., Marzban, N., & Salehi, M. (2018). A Search for Good Governance: Towards the Sustainable Governance Model. Strategy, 26(4), 55-85. (In Persian)
  11. Graham, J., Amos, B., & Plumptre T. (2003). Principle for Good Governance in the 21 Century. The Fifth World Parks Congress Durban, South Africa; at: https://www.montana.edu/extension/localgov/resourcesandhandouts/referencedocuments/Principles%20of%20Good%20Governance.pdf
  12. Hadavand, M. (2005). Good Governance, Development and Human Rights. Basic Rights, 2(4), 51-86. (In Persian)
  13. Hilpold, P. (2002). EU Development at a Crossroad. The Cotonou Agreement and the Principles of Good Governance. European Foreign Review, 7(3), 53-72
  14. Imam Khomeini, R. (2008). Sahifa Imam, Tehran: Imam Khomeini Works Editing and Publishing Institute. (In Persian)
  15. Jamali, S. J. (2022). Toward National Identity. Dunya Ekhtaz Newspaper, December 1, No. 5610, 1. (In Persian)
  16. Karimi, Amirhosheng. (1400). Digging into modern nation-state relations. Iranian Diplomacy, September 31, at: http://irdiplomacy.ir/fa/news/2006190 (In Persian)
  17. Kaufman, D. (2003). Rethinking Governance: Empirical Lessons Challenge Metaphor. SSRN, March 11, at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=386904
  18. Kordnaiej, A., Babashahi, J., Danaee Fard, H., Azar, A. (2021). Transition in national wellbeing: Does good governance play a critical role?. Management Research in Iran, 16(4), 45-62. (In Persian)
  19. Langbein, L., & Knack, S. (2009). The worldwide governance indicators: Six, one, or none. The Journal of Development Studies, 52(11), 350-370.
  20. Meiser, J.W. (2018). Introducing Liberalism in International Relations Theory. International Relations, February 18, at: https://www.e-ir.info/2018/02/18/introducing-liberalism-in-international-relations-theory/
  21. Moghadari, M. (2021). Good governance and development, Tehran: Negah Masazeh Publications. (In Persian)
  22. Molavi, J. M. (2022). Masnavi Manavi, Tehran: Dostan Publications. (In Persian)
  23. Motahari, M. (1998), Hosseini's Epic, Vol. I, Tehran: Sadra Publications. (In Persian)
  24. Naqibimonfard, H. (2010). Good governance in the light of the globalization of human rights, Tehran: Shahr Danesh Institute of Legal Studies and Research. (In Persian)
  25. Ottv, J.C. (2010). Good governance and happiness in nations: Technical quality precedes democracy and quality Beats Size. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11, 353-368.
  26. Qalipour, R. (2008). Good governance and the appropriate model of government, Tehran: Strategic Research Center and Islamic Azad University. (In Persian)
  27. Riggs Fred, W. (2010). Development Administration Cite in Development Administration in Asia. Edited by Edward W. Weidner, Durham: Duke University Press.
  28. Rowntree, J. (2009). The Good Governance standard for public services, London: OPM and CIPFA.
  29. Shah, A., & Huther, J., (1998). Applying a Simple Measure of Good Governance to the Debate on Fiscal Decentralization. World Bank, 1-28. at: https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-1894
  30. Shirjian, J., Zargar, A., Keyhanlou, F., & Mahmoody, A. (2022). Liberalism, International Law, and Good Governance. International Studies Journal, 19(2), 97-120. (In Persian)
  31. The Holy Quran. (In Persian)
  32. UNSCAP. (2002). What is Good Governance?, at: https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/good-governance.pdf

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics