International Studies Journal (ISJ)

International Studies Journal (ISJ)

Charitable Regional Governance; A Strategy for Cooperation between Middle Eastern Countries in Conditions of Uncertainty

Document Type : Original Independent Original Article

Authors
Mohammad Saleh Tayebnia 1
Mohammad Saffari 2
1 Faculty of Theology and Ahl al-Bayt Studies . University of Isfahan.
2 Researcher of Ala Research Institute
10.22034/isj.2022.329373.1753
Abstract
The desire to form regional alliances has been on the rise under the modern globalization trend. The shared Islamic beliefs, vast oil and gas reserves, and strategic location have necessitated strong, dynamic, and ongoing relations between the Middle East states through unions of Islamic countries. Although numerous plans for convergence have been proposed, it has not been possible to form a successful union independent of regional rivalries. This study aimed to answer the following questions: “What is the most suitable union model for the Middle East under uncertainty?” and “What necessitates the formation of a union in this volatile region different from normal ones in other regions?” This study employed a descriptive-analytical approach to present a new model of regional governance titled "Islamic Union of Charities and Non-Governmental Organizations". This study also briefly discusses the obstacles to convergence and the relevant unsuccessful experiences in the Middle East. In addition to removing impediments to convergence through benevolent diplomacy, this union can use the vast capacity of public opinion and non-governmental actors to serve as a solution to the chaos at this international crossroads of events in the region.
Keywords
Regionalism
philanthropy Diplomacy
global peace
charity
Islamic union of Middle East Charities

Subjects

  1. Ahmadian, GH., Kahrizi, N. (2021). Iran and Saudi Arabia; Maturity of the conflict and the dual scenario of negotiation – disaster. International Studies Journal, 4(68), 25-44. Doi: 10.22034/Isj.2021.277698.1421. (In Persian)
  2. AliBabai, G.H. (1996). Historical-political culture of Iran and the Middle East. Tehran: Rasa. (In Persian)
  3. Andrew, C., Antony, D. (1996). Regionalies and World London: Macmollan Press GTD.
  4. Ashti, N. (1988). Government structure in Saudi Arabia.Tehran: Office of Political and International Studies. Second Edition. (In Persian)
  5. Bozorgmehri, M., Mohammadkhani, A., Nemati, F. (2017). Causes of divergence in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Quarterly Journal of Political Studies of the Islamic World. 5(18), 25-51. (In Persian)
  6. Buzan, B., waver, O. (2003). Regions and Power: The structure of International Security. London: Cambridge University Press.
  7. Delaj, O., Grizberk, ZH. (1966). Persian Gulf Storm.Translated by Mohsen Moayedi and Asadallah Mobasheri, Tehran: Etelaat, First Edition. (In Persian)
  8. Drysdale, A., H. Blig. G. (1996). The Middle East and North Africa: A Political Geography. Translated by Dorreh MirHeydar.Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Printing and Publishing Institute. (In Persian)
  9. Ebrahimifar, T. (2000). Investigating the causes of divergence in the Persian Gulf region. Journal of Foreign Policy,13(2), 379-396. (In Persian)
  10. Eftekhari, A., Milson. Z.H. (2010). Modern Public Diplomacy, Soft Power in International Relations. Translated by Reza Kalhor & Mohsen Rohani. Imam Sadegh University Publications. First Edition. (In Persian)
  11. Ekvani, H. (2016). The politics of friendship in Alavi discourse. Nahj al-Balaghah Research Journal, 3(9), 135-177. (In Persian)
  12. Emami, M. (1994). Review of security plans in the Persian Gulf. Proceedings of the Third seminar on Persian Gulf Issues. Tehran: Office of Political and International Studies. (In Persian)
  13. Fawcett, L. (2016), International Relations of Middle East, Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Third Edition. (In Persian)
  14. Ghorbi, M. (2020). Functions of friendship associations in cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Center for Strategic Studies in Cultural Relations, Islamic Culture and Communication Organization ,5(11), 79-112. (In Persian)
  15. Harsij, H., Ebrahimipoor, H., noibaghban, M. (2015). Relations between the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf region and Iran from the perspective of regionalism. Journal of Defense Policy ,22(88), 9-38. (In Persian)
  16. Hause, E. (2007). Regional convergence study; Reflections on the joys and sorrows of pre-theorizing, Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs Publications. (In Persian)
  17. Hoetjes, G. (2021). The Gulf Cooperation Council and Failure of Peacebuilding in Yemen. The International Spectater. 56(4), 151-166.
  18. Ibrahim, N., M. Bani. N. (2017). The Failure of the Arab League is Solving Inter0State Disputed. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 22(1), 32-34.
  19. Jafari Valadani, A., Haghshenas, N. (1994). Border and Territorial Disputes between the Governments of the Persian Gulf and Its Impact on the security of logic. Proceedings of the third seminar on Persian Gulf issues, Tehran: Office of Political and International Studies. (In Persian)
  20. Jackson, R., Sorensen, G. (2015). Introduction to International Relations: Theories and Approaches. Translated by Mahdi Zakerian, Ahmad Taghizadeh & Hasan Saidkolahi. (In Persian)
  21. Javan Arasteh, H. (2014), The United Government or Union of Islamic Countries from Ideal to Reality, Islamic Government, 19(73), 27-40.
  22. Karami, K. (2020). Arab NATO and Iran. Tehran: Abrar Institute for Contemporary International Studies and Research. Available at: https://tisri.org/?id=9apwo5sa. (In Persian)
  23. Kazemi, A. (1992). Convergence theory in international relations. Tehran: Ghomes. First Edition. (In Persian)
  24. Kebriaizadeh, H. (2012). The role of friendship associations in the development of intergovernmental cooperation, Special issue of the second symposium of non-governmental organizations and cultural diplomacy, Tehran: Islamic Culture and Communication Organization. (In Persian)
  25. Kharrazi, Z., Mohammad Vandi, A. (2010). The Impact of Cultural Diplomacy on the National Interests of Countries. Journal of Cultural Management, 3(6). 107-122. (In Persian)
  26. Khashei, V., Emamzadeh, J. Political communication; Theoretical introduction to the basics of soft power communication. (2012). Resaneh, 21(2), 21-43. (In Persian)
  27. List, J. (2011). The Market for Charitable Giving. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 25(2), 157-180.
  28. Majidi, H., shojai, J. (2019). Understanding the fields of presenting the transaction plan of the century, the feasibility of its realization and the mission of overseas networks. Journal of International Media, 3(3), 76-102. (In Persian)
  29. Maleki, A. (2019) Environmental policy in the Middle East. Quarterly Journal of Strategic Studies in Public Policy, 8(27), 349-359. (In Persian)
  30. Maleki, M., Mohammadzadeh Ebrahimi, F. (2021). The prospect of Middle East peace in the shadow of the normalization of Israeli-Arab relations. International Studies Journal, 3(67). 45-64. Doi: 10.22034/ISJ.2021.271531.1381. (In Persian)
  31. Mojtahedzadeh, P., Asgari, S. (2020). Geopolitical and geopolitical.Tehran: Payam Noor university,Eighth Edition. (In Persian)
  32. Mojtahedzadeh, P., Ahmadypoor, Z., Heidari, T. (2012). Explanation of UAE Claims Against Three Iranian Islands. International Quarterly of Geopolitics, 8(25), 42-81.
  33. Mohammadi, H., Mirzaipoor, T., HoseynpoorPoyan, R. (2013) Spatial analysis of the Tigris and Euphrates basins. Iranian Journal of Geographical Association, 10(35), 229-261. (In Persian)
  34. Nye, Jr. Joseph, s, 2003, Propaganda is not the way: soft power. Available at: nytimes.com /2003/01/opinion.
  35. Okruhlik, G. (1999). The Politics of Border Disputes: On the Arabian Peninsula. International Journal, 54(2), 230-248.
  36. Omidi, A. (2010). Regionalism in Asia: A Look at the ASEAN, SAARC, and ECO Organizations. Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, First Edition. (In Persian)
  37. Saffari, M. (2016). Factors causing divergence in Iran-Saudi Arabia relations with emphasis on the Mena tragedy. Monthly Research of Melal, 1(1), 28-48. (In Persian)
  38. Sekhvati, N. (2010). Convergence in the Middle East. Maarefat Quarterly, (22), 53-63. (In Persian)
  39. Shafie, N., Moradi, F. (2013). Cooperation and partnership between regional organizations and the United Nations to maintain international peace and security. Quarterly Journal of International Relations Research, 1(6), 73-92. (In Persian)
  40. Shirazi, H. (2018). Cultural diplomacy and the role of friendship associations in international relations. Research Letter of International Relations,10(38),9-38. (In Persian)
  41. spandler, k. (2019). Regional Organizations in International Society, ASEAN, the EU and the Politics of Normative Arguing. USA: Palgrave Macmillan.
  42. Abed, G., R.Davodi. H. (2003). Challenge of Growth and Globalization in the Middle East and North Africa. International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/med/2003/eng/abed.htm
  43. Taheri Moghadam, T. (2013), Obstacles to the formation of a comprehensive regional organization in the Middle East, Master Thesis, Allameh Tabatabaei University. (In Persian)
  44. Tayebnia, M., Fallah, M., Rabbani, H. (2021). Architects of the New Age; An Analysis of the Situation of Non-Governmental Organizations in Iran and the World. Iran: Mehrestan. (In Persian)
  45. The Gulf Digital Archives (AGDA): https://www.agda.ae/en/search/claims%20by%20Qatar%20and%20Abu%20Dhabi%20to%20the%20Iland%20of%20Habul%2C%201-9-.
  46. Also check: Digital Library og the Middle East, Confidental B.27.no.14/168. Ownership of Halul Island and Mica at Halul.
  47. Vaez, N. (2007), Reflections on the Causes of divergence among Islamic Countries in the Middle East, Intercultural studies, 2(4). 181-220. (In Persian)
  48. Velayati, A., Said Mohammadi, R. (2010). Convergence analysis in the Islamic world, Political knowledge, 6(1), 151-179. (In Persian)
  49. Wendt, A. (2020). Social Theory of International Politics. Translated by Homeyra Moshirzadeh, Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Fifth Edition. (In Persian)
  50. Wendt, A. (1999). Social Theory of International Politics. London: Cambridge University Press.
  51. ZadehAli, M., Mirhoseyni, F. (2018). The roots of Iranophobia from the perspective of public opinion in the Arab world. Foreign Policy Quarterly, 31(2), 152-182. (In Persian)
  52. Zare, E. (2015). The role of Modern Diplomacy in Increasing the Convergence of Islamic Countries. Research Culture Quarterly, 6(16), 121-143. (In Persian)