Document Type : Original Independent Original Article
Highlights
Introduction
The search issue is a macro-view of the reflection of economic developments and requirements in international political transformations, especially after the dominance of capitalism over the Western world, focusing on the twentieth century; and that the "problematization" of the "consciousness" system and the repeated formation of dual conceptual bodies shed light on the process of colonialism to globalization. Modern man has transitioned from an idealistic stage of life to an economic-ideological one, and many aspects of his life have been redefined under the influence of the capitalist system's requirements. This new definition has become consistent with libertarian ideas.
Therefore, the liberal capitalist system codified and promoted its "system of thought" in accordance with its economic needs and desires, and the "consciousness" produced harmonized economic tendencies with those of politics. Thus, the dialectic of the space of "capitalism with colonial style" and "capitalism based on liberal principles and free market economy" led to a new synthesis, a phenomenon called "globalization". What focuses the research issue is the entry of the colonial world into the globalization space, driven by economic requirements that affect political transformations, the recognition of the consciousness system that can formulate these transformations, and their actions and reactions. The main question is: What role did economic needs play in the transition from the "colonial" era to the "globalization" era in the arena of international developments? And how did the consciousness system facilitate its formation?
Method
The research method is the "historical explanation" method, the "economic history" approach, and the "macrocentric" perspective. The research aims to examine the superiority of American liberal capitalism in the international political system using the "free" and "global" economic production method over capitalism with a "local" production method based on "colonial" relations and to show the reasons for the birth of the era of "globalization" from within the phenomenon of colonialism, considering the economic reasons and the "consciousness" that produced capitalism.
Also, the system of consciousness and the dialectic of the epistemological apparatus in center-periphery societies can be formulated in the definition and explanation of this process.
Conclusion
In the era of economic globalization, the liberal epistemological system promoted concepts such as "global citizenship" and "open society" under the slogan of Economic freedom and the global market. These concepts became a tool for cultural assimilation and the promotion of the global capitalist model. But this process was not a one-way street. In response to this domination, a critical epistemological system emerged in peripheral societies, searching for “epistemological resistance.” Using this epistemological system, postcolonial theorists attempted to transform peripheral societies from objects into conscious and active subjects. As Alan Thorne argues, the subject is formed in the process of struggle against structures of domination. By producing alternative historical narratives and exploring concepts such as epistemic justice, peripheral societies were able to utilize knowledge tools for their liberation. This critical epistemic apparatus transforms Objectification into Subjectification. This internal order of consciousness organizes biological experiences and forms a new identity for colonized societies.
