International Studies Journal (ISJ)

International Studies Journal (ISJ)

The Implementation of the International Environmental Law in Iranian Legal System: Opportunities and Challenges

Document Type : Original Article from Result of Thesis

Authors
AzamTehran Parandeh Motlagh 1
Abbas Poorhashemi 2
Shirin Shirazian 3
Ali Zare 4
1 Environmental law, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Scientific Member and President of the Canadian Institute for International Law Expertise (CIFILE), Toronto, Canada
3 Assistant Professor and Faculty Member, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
4 Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Sciences & Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/isj.2021.260906.1311
Abstract
One of the preoccupations in the components of governance systems with any different ideology is protecting the environment by implementing international environmental law. This article's main issue is to analyze the implementation of international environmental law in the Iranian legal system. The importance of the issue is increasingly recognized in the extra-legal component and through the fundamentalization of international environmental law. This principle is reflected in Articles 77 and 125 of the Constitution and Article 9 of the Civil Code, which considers international treaties as "national laws". Thus, on the one hand, legal opportunities are provided as a necessary basis for implementing international environmental law. However, the question here is, what are the obstacles or challenges for implementing environmental law in the Iranian legal system? This article attempts to analyze the legal and practical gaps related to implementing international environmental law in Iran and presenting  suggestions to solving those issues.
Keywords
Article 9 of the Iranian Civil Code
Comparative Law
Duality and unity
Implementation of International Law
International Environmental Law
Subjects
  1. Abdollahi, M. Faryadi, M. (2010). Legal Challenges Facing Iran's Department of Environment. Environmental Sciences Journal. 143-179. (In Persian)
  2. Azari, H. Tabatabai Hesari, N. (2017). The Iranian Legal System Challenges regarding Accession to the Human Rights Treaties from the Perspective of International Law. Comprative Law Review. 8, 1-24. (In Persian)
  3. Bahadori Jahromi, A. Fattahi Zafarghandi, A. (2016). Review of the Ambiguities of the Islamic Consultative Assembly's Competence in Approving International Agreements with Regard to the Decisions of the Guardian. Quarterly Journal of Public Law Knowledgh. 4, 113-134. (In Persian)
  4. Chiam, M. (2018). Monism and Dualism in International Law. London: Oxford Bibliographies.
  5. Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Adopted by referendum in 1979 and amended on 28 July 1989.
  6. Encyclopedia of Public International Law. (2014). Department of Law and Political Scienc. (In Persian).
  7. Ezadi, A. (2015). A Comparative Perspective on the Role of National Courts in Enforcing International Law. Public Law Studies Quarterly.45, 497-529. (In Persian)
  8. H. (1994). Implementation of the Provisions of International Law. Journal of Legal Research. 31-98 (In Persian).
  9. R. Sornsen. G. (2015). Introduction to International Relations, Theories and Approaches. Translated by Zakrian & Others. Tehran: Mizan. Second Edition (In Persian).
  10. H. (2009), Implementation of International Obligations in the Iranian Judicial System: Limitations and Capacities. Journal of Legal Studies. 15, 229-258 (In Persian).
  11. Humphreys, S. Otomo, Y. (2014). Theorising International Environmental Law. LSE Law, Society and Economy Working Papers. 9.
  12. L. (2018). Who Has. The Final Say? The Relationship Between International, Eu and National Law. European Journal of Legal Studies.10, 47-100.
  13. Mahootchian, S. Tayebi, S. (2020). Determining the Dimensions of Environmental Protection in the light of Development and International Convergence.International Studies Journal (ISJ), 3, 12-93. (In Persian)
  14. Mardani, N. Hasan zadeh, E. (2017). Comparative Study of Role and Place of the JCPOA in the Legal System of Iran and United States of America. Journal of Foreign Policy. 31, 75-112. (In Persian)
  15. Medvedieva, M. (2014). The non-confrontational and confrontational means of implementation of International Environmental Law. Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation. 15, 225-242.
  16. Martin, P. Kennedy, A. (2015). Implementing Environmental Law, Australia: Edward Elgar Pub.
  17. Naderi, SH. Afshari, M. Farshchi, P. Poorhashemi, A. (2020). Methods of Implementing the Goals of Sustainable Development in the Persian Gulf Region from the Perspective of International Environmental Law. International Studies Journal, 111-131. (In Persian)
  18. H. (2011). The Problems of Interaction between International and Domestic Legal Orders. Singapore Academy of Law Journal, 23, 1-22.
  19. Poorhashemi, A. Sobhaninia, M. (2020). The Position of the Treaty in the Iranian Legal System with a Look at How to Implement Environmental Treaties in Iran. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. (In Persian)
  20. A. Arghand. B. (2013). International Environmental Law. Tehran: dadgostar. (In Persian).
  21. A. Parandeh Motlagh. A. (2015). General international law. Tehran: dadgostar. (In Persian).
  22. V. (2020). The Implementation of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Routledge.
  23. Report of the Secretary-General. (2018). Gaps in international environmental law and environment-related instruments: towards a global pact for the environment: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11822/27070.
  24. Saiful Hasan. G. (2013). Contemporary Issues in International Law. Bangladesh: Springer.
  25. Peter H. (2015). The History and Origin of International Environmental Law: Introduction. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
  26. M. (2015). International Environmental Law –Concept, Elements and Principles. International Journal of Research –Granthaalayah.
  27. Shariat bagheri. M.J. (2012). The Supremacy of International Treaties over Ordinary Laws. Journal of Legal Studie. 56, 279-305. (In Persian).
  28. B. Tajarlo. R. Saedi. B. (2019). The Impact of Domestic Law on the Rules and Norms of International Law. Journal of Public Law Studies, 2, 449-470. (In Persian)
  29. Tayebi, S., Tale Khorsand, H. Poorhashemi, S. (2018). World-Class International Environmental Law: Strategies and Approaches. International Studies Journal (ISJ), 15(2), 107-137. (In Persian)
  30. (2018). Future Shape of International Law to Address Pollution of Global Significance Affecting. The Earth's Ecosystems: Consolidated Report of Initial Consideration by Experts: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11822/26339.
  31. Z. (2012). Obstacles and Challenges to the Implementation of International Environmental Obligations at the National Level, A Case Study of Iran and France. Qom: University of Qom (In Persian)