Iran and Turkmenistan are important to each other , due to geographical proximity, historical ,cultural international and export and transit of energy.Same reasons, the two countries have mutual relationship with the political and economic cooperations. But with starting the new century, the international situation change, the formation of the Great Game in Central Asia and the Caucasus, and competition over energy developments future in this area is unclear.with attention Trans-regional actors such as the United States and Europe union to Turkmenistan seems to begin a new chapter in foreign policy and foreign relations . This research follow to recognition effective factors over Iran and Turkmenistan relations and while it drow prospects of future Study of Relations between Iran and Turkmenistan show that several political and economic components effectiveover relations between two coutries. Some of these factors are among environment and system factors and some of them also are due to the parties will. Assumption of Pragmatic policy between them and also strengthen voluntary factors can keep relationships well.