چالش‌های حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه در قبال توسعۀ هواپیماهای بدون سرنشین نظامی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستقل

نویسنده

دانش‌آموختۀ کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی

چکیده

توسعۀ هواپیماهای بدون سرنشین نظامی، سبب پشت سر گذاشتن توأمان مرزهای جغرافیایی و حقوقی توسط دولت‌های صاحب این نوع وسایل شده است به طوریکه استفاده از آنها در دو بُعد ماهوی و شکلی، حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه را با چالش روبرو ساخته است که اولی ناظر بر نحوۀ استفاده و دومی ناظر بر نحوۀ کنترل این هواپیماها می‌باشد. بدیهی است ظهور چالش‌های ماهوی و شکلی در قبال توسعۀ هواپیماهای بدون سرنشین، لزوم ترجمان جدید قواعد قدیمی و تصویب قواعد جدید در زمینۀ حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه را می‌طلبد. اگرچه اصول و قواعد حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه پس از گذشت سال‌ها همچنان به خوبی ابعاد مختلف فناوری‌های نوین از جمله استفاده از هواپیماهای بدون سرنشین نظامی را تحت پوشش قرار می‌دهند، اما در حال حاضر و در آینده استفاده از فناوری‌های پیشرفته می‌تواند زمینه‌های سوء استفادۀ دولت‌های دارای این فناوری‌ها را از شکاف‌های موجود فراهم سازد به طوری که اصول و قواعد حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه نتوانند به روشنی پاسخ‌گوی آنها باشند. از این رو، ضرورت برداشتن گام‌هایی اساسی در زمینۀ ترسیم و مشخص ساختن چارچوب‌های نحوۀ استفاده و کنترل فناوری‌های نوین نظامی از جمله هواپیماهای بدون سرنشین به منظور رعایت حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه ضروری است

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Challenges Encountered by International Humanitarian Law in the Development of Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

نویسنده [English]

  • Alireza Ranjbar
LL.M. in International Law, Faculty of Law, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch (IAUCTB),Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Development of military Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has led the governments possessing these kinds of technology to go beyond the geographic and legal boundaries such that the employment of those instruments has brought International Humanitarian Law (IHL) procedural and substantive challenges; as the former governs the method of using of those tools and the latter governs the procedure of controlling the UAVs. Obviously, the emergence of procedural and substantive challenges from the development of military UAVs demands the necessity of re-reading of traditional regulations and passing new laws in the field. Although, the current principles and regulations considerably cover various dimensions of modern technologies, including the employment of drones, both in present and future, using advanced technologies might possibly provide grounds for governments to misuse the existing gaps as the regulations of IHL are unable to fully provide a clear answer in handling all of those difficulties. In this regards, it is essential to take crucial steps in developing and drawing new frameworks for using and controlling modern military technologies including military UAVs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs)
  • Drone
  • artificial intelligence
  • espionage
  • warrior robots
  • International Humanitarian Law (IHL)
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