خیزش‌های حقوق بشری و دموکراتیک خاورمیانه در پرتو فن‌آوری‌های نوین

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستقل

نویسنده

San Francisco State University University of California, Berkeley

چکیده

قیام‌های گسترده مردمی در خاورمیانه نمایانگر شکست روندهای سیاسی متعارف همراه با مهجور شدن نهادهای دولتی در راستای ایجاد تغییرات دموکراتیک بنیادین بود. ترکیبی از نافرمان مدنی، کنش سیاسی و مبارز طلبی زمینه را برای سقوط بی‌سابقه رژیم‌ها در سراسر منطقه رقم زد. بی‌تردید رکود اقتصادی در قیام‌های دموکراتیک بهار عربی موثر بود. کل منطقه درگیر اعتراضات ضد دولتی نسلی ناامید است که از یافتن شغل ناتوان بوده و آزادانه عقاید خود را بیان می‌کنند. یک وفاق اجتماعی علیه اقتدارگرایی پوپولیستی شکل گرفته که دهه‌ها به دنبال سوء مدیریت، فامیل بازی، فساد و سرکوب سیاسی، بود. با این وجود، آنچه که در بهار عربی نادیده گرفته شد، ارزیابی نقش احساسات، همبستگی‌ها و فعالیت‌های آنلاین است. بی‌تردید ارتباطات تکنولوژیک مدرن، فضای تازه‌ای برای بحث‌های عمومی فراهم کرد تا بتوانند خواسته‌های خود را به شیوه‌ای موثرتر مطرح سازند. در عصر ارتباطات، این تکنولوژی‌ها مرزها و موانع را از میان می‌برند و یک حس گسترده‌ای از همدردی و تعلق خاطر به یک قیام گسترده در برابر رژیم‌های ستمگر را به وجود می‌آورند. انگیزه تغییر به طرز فزاینده‌ای فضای منطقه را پر کرده و مردم را برای مقابله با استبداد بسیج می‌سازند. برعکس این دیدگاه که فن آوری‌های نوین، تهدیدی علیه هنجارها و هویت‌های فرهنگی است، این فن آوری‌ها موجب غلیان همبستگی‌ها، پیوستگی فرهنگی و هویت‌های فرا مکانی می‌شوند. هدف مهم فن آوری‌های نوین رسانه‌ای، درخواست فزاینده برای آزادی‌های سیاسی، جامعه باز و حقوق بشر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Human Rights and Democratic Uprisings in Middle East In the Light of New Technologies

نویسنده [English]

  • Mahmood Monshipouri
International and Area Studies University of California, Berkeley
چکیده [English]

The widespread uprisings of Middle East show the failure of the standard political trends with incapacitation of the government institutions in fundamental democratic changes. The combination of civil disobedience, political action and struggle seeking paved the way to unprecedented fall of regimes in the region. Doubtlessly, the economic downturn was effective in the democratic uprisings of Arabic spring. All of the region involve with anti-government protests of a generation that is disable to find job and freely express its opinions. A social consensus against the Populist authoritarianism is created that is resulting from decades of mismanagement, kindred ties, corruption and political suppressed. However, what has been ignored is evaluation of the role of emotions, solidarities and online activities. Unassailably, the modern technological communication provides a new condition for public debates to make them able to bring up their demands more effective. In the age of communication, these technologies would eliminate borders and obstacles and could create a good feeling of sympathy and fixation for the wide uprisings against tyrannical regimes. The motivations of change increasingly fill the region and mobilize the people to confront despotism. Unlike the view which new technologies are a threat to norms and cultural identity, these technologies lead to eruption of correlations, association of cultures and ultra-place identities. The main goal of new media technology is increasingly demand of political freedom, open society and human rights

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arabic Spring
  • Democratic Uprisings
  • Communications
  • Online Technologies
  • Human Rights
  • Middle East
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www.businessweek.com/news/2011-10-21/middle-east-leaders-addre-unemployment-in-arab-spring-wake.html.

  1. Ibid.
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 www.usmep.us/usmep/wp-content/uploads/2011-18-USMEPolicy-Brief1.pdf.

  1. Kevin Cross, “Why Iran’s Green Movement Faltered: The Limits of Infor- mation Technology in a Rentier State,” SAIS Review 30, no 2 (Summer- Fall 2010): 183.
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www.usmep.us/usmep/wp-content/uploads/2011-18-USMEPolicy-Brief1.pdf.

  1. See Anthony H. Cordesman’s comments in Anthony H. Cordesman, Barak Barfi, Bassam Haddad, and Karim Mwzran, “The Arab Uprising and U.S.Policy: What Is the American National Interest?” Middle East Policy XVIII, no. 2 (Summer 2011): 8.
  2. Ibid.
  3. Alex J. Bellamy, Global Politics and the Rsponsibility to Protect: From Words to Deeds (Oxon, UK: Routledge, 2011).
  4. Gareth Evans, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2008).
  5. Uri Dadush and Michele Dunne, “American and European Responses to the Arab Spring: What’s the Big Idea?” Washingtin Quarterly 34, no. 4 (Fall 2011): 136.
  6. Ibid. 139-141.