[1] Aigul Kulnazarova, “Communication and New Technology,” in Anja Mihr and Mark Gibney, eds., The Sage Handbook of Human Rights, Vol. 1, Los Angeles, CA: Sage Reference, 2014, pp. 391-409; see p. 405.
[1] March Lynch, The New Arab Wars: Uprisings and Anarchy in the Middle East, New York: Public Affairs, 2016, pp. 109-110.
[1] Marc Lynch, “Media, Old and New,” in Marc Lynch, ed., The Arab Uprisings Explained: New Contentious Politics in the Middle East, New York: Columbia University Press, 2014, pp. 93-109; see p. 94.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] UN General Assembly, 194 (III). Palestine - Progress Report of the United Nations Mediator 11 December 1948, A/RES/194, available at <<http://www.refworld.org/docid/4fe2e5672.html>>. Accessed June 20, 2017.
[1] UN General Assembly, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 999, p. 171, available at: <<http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3aa0.html>>. Accessed 20 June 20, 2017.
[1] "The First Intifada." The first Intifada - Al Jazeera English. December 9, 2003. Accessed on Jun 27, 2017.
[1] Ben Ehrenreich, The Way to the Spring: Life and Death in Palestine, New York: Penguin Press, 2016, p. 35.
[1] " AGREEMENT ON THE GAZA STRIP AND THE JERICHO AREA ." Www.jmcc.org. Jerusalem Media and Communications Center, 4 May 1994. Web. June 25, 2017.
[1] Nicola Perugini and Neve Gordon, “Israel/Palestine, Human Rights and Domination,” in Anthony Tirado Chase, ed., Routledge Handbook on Human Rights and the Middle East and North Africa, New York: Routledge, 2017, pp. 419-430; see pp. 426-427.
[1] Paul Salem, “Lebanon,” in Ellen Lust, ed., The Middle East, 14th ed., Los Angeles, CA: Sage, 2017, pp. 590-614; see p. 595.
[1] Kylie Baxter and Shahram Akbarzadeh, US Foreign Policy in the Middle East: The Roots of Anti-Americanism, New York: Routledge, 2008, pp. 148-149.
[1] Ibid., p. 150.
[1] Ibid., pp. 144-147.
[1] Roy A. Andersen, Robert F. Seibert, and Jon G. Wagner, 10th ed., Politics and Change in the Middle East, New York: Routledge, 2012, p. 138.
[1] Jeffrey Goldberg, "Arafat’s Gift," The New Yorker, January 29, 2001.
[1] Staff. "Intifada toll 2000-2005." BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation, February 8, 2005. Web. June 25, 2017.
[1] Mehran Kamrava, The Modern Middle East: a Political History Since the First World War, 3rd ed., Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2013, p. 334.
[1] William L. Cleveland and Martin Bunton, A History of the Modern Middle East, 6th ed., Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2016, p. 489.
[1] Ibid., p. 490.
[1] Hatem Bazian, “Palestine,” in David P. Forsythe, ed., Encyclopedia of Human Rights, Vol. 4, New York: Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 175-186; see p. 180.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Mehran Kamrava, The Impossibility of Palestine: History, Geography, and the Road Ahead, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016, p. 7.
[1] Ibid., p. 112.
[1] Bashir Bashir, “The Strengths and Weaknesses of Integrative Solutions for the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict,” Middle East Journal, Vol. 70, No. 4, Autumn 2016, pp. 560-578; see p. 577.
[1] Ibid., p. 578.
[1]Nuseibeh, Siham. "Israel's Apartheid Wall: Facts & Figures." Muftah. Muftah, 15 July 2012. Web. 26 June 2017.
[1] UN OCHA (Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), ‘Barrier Update: Special Focus’, (2011).
[1] Mohammed Ayoob, Will the Middle East Implode? London: Polity Press, 2014, pp. 67-68.
[1] Ibid., p. 68.
[1] Christopher May. Key thinkers for the information society. London: Routledge, 2003. Print.
[1] Mahmood Monshipouri, Democratic Uprisings in the New Middle East: Youth, Technology, Human Rights, and US Foreign Policy (New York: Routledge, 2014).
[1] Shane Wesbrock, Mahmood Monshipouri, and Jess Ghannam, “Grassroots Sanctions: A New Tool for Domestic and International Resistance for Palestine,” in Mahmood Monshipouri, ed., Information Politics, Protests, and Human Rights in the Digital Age, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016, pp. 101-126.
[1] "What is BDS?" BDS Movement. N.p., 08 June 2017. Web. 23 June 2017; see also FAQs about Palestinian Refugees." Al-Awda: The Palestine Right to Return Coalition. June 25, 2017.
[1] "Green Party's support for 'polarizing' boycott against Israel forces Elizabeth May to reconsider future". CBC News. 9 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016; see also Wen, Melissa. "UC Student Association votes to divest from companies allegedly violating Palestinian rights". The Daily Californian. 9 February 2015; see also "COSATU Endorses the Palestinian Call to Impose an Immediate, Comprehensive Military Embargo on Israel". BDSmovement. 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
[1] "Janna Jihad." Facebook - Log In or Sign Up. June 25, 2017.
[1] NexelSeven. "My Blood is Palestinian (Dami Falasteeni) Translation." YouTube. YouTube, 14 Oct. 2015. Web. 27 June 2017.
[1] "Quds News Network." Facebook - Log In or Sign Up. June 25, 2017.
[1] Nadim Nashif, "Israel-Palestine: Social Media As a Tool Of Oppression." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 18 Apr. 2016. June 18, 2017.
[1] Gadi Wolfsfeld, Elad Segev, and Tamir Sheafer. "Social Media and the Arab Spring." The International Journal of Press/Politics 18.2 (2013): 115-37. June 25, 2017.
[1] "Orit Perlov." INSS. June 27, 2017.
[1] Philip N. Howard, The Digital Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Information Technology and Political Islam, New York: Oxford University Press, 2011, p. 156.
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