رعایت مدت زمان معقول فرآیند کیفری از منظر بایسته‌های حقوق بشر

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستخرج از رساله

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه حقوق کیفری و جرم‌شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، عضو هیأت علمی گروه حقوق جزا و جرم‌شناسی، دانشکده حقوق و زبان‌های خارجی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران

3 استادیار عضو هیأت علمی گروه حقوق جزا و جرم‌شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

4 استادیار، عضو هیأت علمی گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در اکثر نظام‌های حقوقی دنیا، دادرسی عادلانه از اهم مطالبات ملت‌ها است. رکن رکین دادرسی عادلانه، رعایت حقوق دفاعی متهم است که مدت معقول فرایندکیفری از جمله آن است. این مرحله از شروع تعقیب تا اجرای حکم را شامل می‌شود. طول این مدت در دادرسی اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد زیرا اگر مدت معقول فرایندکیفری معین نباشد یا ضابطه‌ای برای آن مشخص نگردد، یقینا برخی از حقوق متهم سلب یا محدود خواهدشد. همچنین، روند قضایی را به نسبت سلایق قضات، متفاوت نموده و نهایتا موجب نقض حقوق دفاعی متهم و حتی شاکی می‌گردد. مسأله این است که رویکرد حقوق ایران و اسناد بین‌المللی نسبت به مدت معقول فرایند‌کیفری چگونه‌ است؟ این مقاله قصد دارد تا به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌ای، ضمن اشاره به مبانی و بایسته‌های حقوق بشری با هدف بررسی علل اطاله دادرسی و ارائه رهیافت‌های نوین، وضعیت مدت معقول در فرایندکیفری را مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قراردهد. آنچه از مجموع بررسی‌های پژوهش حاضر می‌توان یافت اینکه اگرچه در اسناد بین‌المللی حقوق بشری، ضابطه مشخصی برای تعیین مدت معقول‌فرایندکیفری وجودندارد؛ لیکن عوامل گوناگون تاثیر‌گذار در این فرایند از قبیل: مقررات داخلی، پیچیدگی پرونده، نوع اتهام، اعمال مقامات قضایی و غیرو را مورد توجه قرارداده‌است. اما قانونگذار ما بدون اشاره به عوامل مذکور، صرفا با اکتفاء به اشارات مجمل «رسیدگی در اسرع وقت»، تمایلی به تعریف، تبیین و ذکر بایسته‌های نوین مدت معقول فرایندکیفری نشان نداده‌ است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Observance of a Reasonable Duration of The Criminal Process from the Perspective of Human Rights Requirements

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Motallebi 1
  • Hamidreza Mirzajani 2
  • Ghasem Ghasemi 3
  • Nader Noroozi 4
1 PhD Student, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science, Tehran Branch of Science and Research, Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminal Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

A major demand of nations in most of the world's legal systems is having fair trials. The main pillar of fair trials is observing the right of defense of accused, including the reasonable length of criminal trial. This stage encompasses the beginning of prosecution up to executing the sentence. The period’s length in trials is especially important because, if a reasonable period of trial is not determined or no criterion is specified for it, rights of the accused will certainly be deprived or restricted. It also differentiates the judicial process according to the judges' tastes and ultimately leads to the violation of the defense rights of the accused and even the plaintiff. The question is, what the approach of Iranian law and international documents is towards the aforementioned reasonable period. This article examines the situation of a reasonable period in trial procedures, by a descriptive-analytical method and using library resources; while pointing to the principles and requirements of human rights, aiming at investigating the causes of trial delays and offering modern approaches. What we witness from all studies of this article implies that, although no specific criterion in international human rights documents is available to determine the reasonable duration of criminal procedures, various factors influencing these procedures are addressed, such as internal regulations, complexity of the case, type of charge, judiciary authorities' actions, etc. But without mentioning these factors, our legislator has not shown a desire to define, explain and mention the new requirements of a reasonable period of the criminal process, merely by referring to the brief references to "investigation as soon as possible".

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Reasonable length of trial
  • necessity
  • fair trial
  • criminal process
  • modern approaches
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