بررسی تطبیقی سیاست خارجی جمهوری گرجستان و جمهوری ارمنستان ؛ تمایل به غرب یا شرق (2008-2020)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی مستخرج از رساله

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج،کرج، ایران.

2 استادیار عضو هیأت علمی گروه روابط بین‌الملل، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، کرج، ایران.

3 استادیار و عضو هیات علمی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج، کرج، ایران

چکیده

جمهوری‌های گرجستان و ارمنستان، امروزه بازیگران منطقه‌ای و بین‌المللی متعددی را بخود جلب کرده‌ است و اهمیت فوق‌العاده تاریخی خود را مجدد بازیافته‌اند. گرجستان و ارمنستان که زمانی، حیات خلوت روسیه و اتحاد جماهیر شوروی بودند و در ادوار متمادی تاریخ نیز محل منازعه و رقابت بازیگران منطقه بوده‌اند، اکنون به محل رقابت قدرت‌های بزرگ کنونی تبدیل شده و هر کدام از بازیگران منطقه‌ای و جهانی بدنبال حضور، نفوذ و تامین هرچه بیشتر منافع خود هستند. برای درک بهتر اهمیت این منطقه برای قدرت‌های بزرگ بویژه آمریکا و روسیه و گرایشات گرجستان و ارمنستان به هر یک از این دو قدرت، به بررسی اهداف این دو قدرت در منطقه قفقاز جنوبی پرداخته خواهد شد. در پژوهش پیش‌رو این پرسش مطرح می‌گردد که کشورهای ارمنستان و گرجستان از سال 2008 به بعد به سمت کدام قدرت شرق و غرب متمایل بوده است؟ نتیجه کلی مقاله نشان می‌دهد که گرجستان و ارمنستان برای همکاری با ناتو، دارای انگیزه‌هایی هستند. در این میان بنظر می‌رسد، گرجستان حضور ناتو را بعنوان مقدمه‌ای برای اروپایی شدن ترجیحاً دریافت کمک‌های مالی بیشتر می‌داند و نتیجتاً می‌توان بیان نمود که از میان دو بازیگر فرامنطقه‌ای، نقش آمریکا از دیگران بارزتر بنظر می‌رسد. آمریکا دارای منافع منطقه‌ای در گرجستان و ارمنستان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative Study of the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Georgia and the Republic of Armenia; Tendency to the West or the East (2008-2020)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jila Ahmadi 1
  • Afshin Zargar 2
  • fakhreddi Soltany 3
1 Ph.D. Student of International Relations Dep., Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
2 Assistant Prof. at International Relations Dep., Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
3 Assistant Prof. at International Relations Dep., Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The Republics of Georgia and Armenia have today attracted numerous regional and international actors and regained their extraordinary historical significance. Georgia and Armenia, once the backdrop of Russia and the Soviet Union, and which have long been the scene of conflict and rivalry between regional actors, have now become the scene of rivalry between the major powers, each seeking regional presence, influence and provide as many benefits as possible. In order to better understand the importance of this region for the great powers, especially the United States and Russia, and the tendencies of Georgia and Armenia towards each of these two powers, the goals of these two powers in the South Caucasus region are examined. Leading research raises the question of which Eastern and Western powers have Armenia and Georgia turned to since 2008? In fact, this research descriptively-analytically examines the hypothesis that Georgia and Armenia have incentives to cooperate with NATO. In the meantime, it seems that the Republic of Georgia sees the presence of NATO as a prelude to Europeanization, preferably receiving more financial aid, and as a result, it can be said that among the two trans-regional actors, the role of the United States seems more prominent than the others. The United States has regional interests in Georgia and Armenia.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Republic of Armenia
  • Republic of Georgia
  • Comparative Foreign Policy
  • West and East Tendency
  • Regional Actors

مراجع

  1. Anahit, S. (2019). Armenia’s Foreign Policy Balancing in an Age of Uncertainty. Chatham House; The Royal Institute of International Relations, at: https://www.chathamhouse.org/2019/03/armenias-foreign-policy-balancing-age-uncertainty
  2. Asgari, H. (2015). The Role of Foreign Actors in the Color Revolutions; The Case of the Georgian Rose Revolution, Journal of Central Asian and Caucasus Studies, (4)51, 116-81. (In Persian)
  3. Balsyte, E. (2019). Armenia: Russia First, EU Second?. European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS), 5(3), 74-86.
  4. Bozorgmehri, M., Tabatabai, S.M. (2017). Comparative study of Iranian and Turkish Foreign Policy in the South Caucasus from the Collapse of the Soviet Union to 2015. Journal of Foreign Policy, (31) 2, 150-109. (In Persian)
  5. Caspersen, N. (2012). Unrecognized States the Struggle for Sovereignty in the Modern International System. Polity Press, 4 (3), 37-49.
  6. Coffey, L. (2019). NATO Membership for Georgia: In U.S. And European Interest. The Heritage Foundation, 2(3), 19-27.
  7. Cornell, S.E, Popjanevski, J., Nilsson, N. (2016). Russia’s War in Georgia. Causes and Implications for Georgia and the World, 2(6), 69-82.
  8. Georgia and the EU Signed the Association Agreement (2016). at: http://civil.ge./en/news/2014/1551
  9. Georgia: Background and U.S. Policy (2019). Congressional Research Service, at: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R45307.pdf
  10. German, T. (2016). Russia and South Ossetia: Conferring Statehood or Creeping Annexation?. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 16(1), 106-117.
  11. Geukjian, O. (2012). Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in The South Caucasus Nagorno-Karabakh and the Legacy of Soviet Nationalities Policy, UK: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  12. Ghavam, A. (2007). Principles of Foreign Policy and International Policy, Tehran: Samat Publications. (In Persian)
  13. Giragosian, R. (2010). Is Armenia Russia's Partner or Pawn?. Radio Free Europe/ Radio Liberty - Free Media in Unfree Societies, 2(1), 37-48, at: https://www.rferl.org/a/Commentary_Is_Armenia_Russias_Partner_Or_Pawn/2147689.html
  14. Hafeznia, M. R., Romina, E. (2017). The Impact of Geopolitical Interests of Iran and Saudi Arabia in Creating Regional Challenges in Southwest Asia. Geographical Research, (32) 2, 9-20. (In Persian)
  15. Hille, C. (2010). State Building and Conflict Resolution in the Caucasus. Eurasia Studies, 1(5), 45-64.
  16. Hrant, K., Giragosian, R. (2017). Research and Policy Advice Project Supported. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency.
  17. Hunter, S. (2017). The New Geopolitics of the South Caucasus: Prospects for Regional Cooperation and Conflict Resolution. Lanham, MA: Lexington Books.
  18. Iskandaryan, A. (2019). Armenia–Russia Relations: The Revolution and the Map. Yerevan Caucasus Institute.
  19. Javadi Arjomand, M. J., Fallahi, E. (2015). Iran-Russia Foreign Policy Interaction in Opposition to the East-West Axis in the South Caucasus. Journal of Central Eurasian Studies, (9)2, 430-411. (In Persian)
  20. Jennings, R. S. (2019). Upgrading U.S. Support for Armenia’s Post Revolution Reforms. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 3(5), 22-39.
  21. Karminia, M. (2008). War, Caucasus, International System. November 3, at: www.bashgah.net. (In Persian)
  22. KO, S. (2012). Russia’s Georgian War. The Korean Journal of Area Studies, 3(5), 79-88.
  23. Kochladze, M. (2011). Georgia’s Foreign Debt and Sustainable Development. Green Alternative, 4(3), 67-84.
  24. Koolaeei, E., Hosseini Taghiabad, S.M. (2019). Iranian Science Diplomacy in the South Caucasus. Journal of International Studies, (15)4, 99-131. (In Persian)
  25. Kruger, H. (2010). The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict; A Legal Analysis, London & New York: Springer
  26. Kuimova, A., Wezeman S. T. (2019). SIPRI Background Paper, Georgia’s Energy Sector Levan Pavlenishvili. Norberto Pignatti. Emerging-europe, 5 (1), 106-117.
  27. Latifian, S. (2007). Strategic and Geopolitical Significance of Eurasia. Journal of Culture of Thought, (3)9, pp. 164-163. (In Persian)
  28. Macroeconomics, Trade & Investment Global Practice (2017-2018). World Bank.
  29. Moazami Goodarzi, P. (2004). Security in the South Caucasus. International Conference on Central Asia and the Caucasus. (In Persian)
  30. Monshipouri, M., Dorraj, M. (2019). The Divided West and the Rising East. International Studies Journal (ISJ), 15(4), 1-18.
  31. Musayelyan, S. (2017). Armenia: Building a Competitive Economy. Institute for the Study of Journalism Wincott Fellowship Programme Oxford University, 2(1), 28-39.
  32. Nodia, G. (2016). 25 Years of Independent Georgia Achievements and Unfinished Projects, Ilia State University Press, at: https://library.iliauni.edu.ge/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Georgia-2-5.pdf
  33. Norozi, N. (2000). Iran-Turkey Confrontation in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Journal of Central Asian and Caucasus Studies, (3)29, 113-146. (In Persian)
  34. Özkan, G. (2012). Spoils of a War: Impact of Georgia-Russia War on Russian Foreign and Security Policies in the Near Abroad. Green Alternative, 4(2), 69-84.
  35. Pataraia, T. (2019). Energy Transit and Security Imbalance in South Caucasus: The Road between Russia and the European Union, Heinrich Boll Stiftung South Caucasus, at: https://ge.boell.org/sites/default/files/uploads/2015/03/energy_eng-final_1.pdf
  36. Peña-Ramos, J. (2017). The Impact of Russian Intervention in Post-Soviet Secessionist Conflict in the South Caucasus on Russia Geo-Energy Interests. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 1(3), 87-99.
  37. Programming of the European Neighborhood Instrument (ENI) - 2017-2020 - Single Support Framework for EU support to Armenia (2020). European Commission, 2020(5), 3-27.
  38. Sadeghian, K. V. (2017). US Foreign Policy in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Journal of Central Asia and Caucasus, (3)24, 138-121. (In Persian)
  39. Shafiee, N. (2011). Russia-Georgia War: Effective Backgrounds and Motivations. Central Eurasian Studies, (4)9, 58-39. (In Persian)
  40. Shirkhani, M. A., Sharifi, M. (2017). Energy Geopolitics, Russia and Turkish Pipeline Diplomacy. Journal of Central Asian Studies, (10)1, 133-117. (In Persian)
  41. Siddiq, M., Sharghi, A. (2016). European Union and the Great Powers. International Studies Journal (ISJ), (13)3, 46-53. (In Persian)
  42. Sterio, M. (2013). The Right to Self Determination under International Law Selfistans, Secession, and the Rule of the Great Powers, Routledge. Taylor and Francis Group, 3(6), 112-131.
  43. Sussex, M. (2012). Conflict in the Former USSR, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  44. Tchantouridze, L. (2015). The Three Colors of War: Russian, Turkish, and Iranian Military Threat to the South Caucasus. Institute South Caucasus, 2(3), 60-84.
  45. Tsurtsumia, T. (2015). Gas Transit through Georgia in the Light of Energy Charter, and Energy Community Provisions.  Enrgy Charter, December 18, at: https://www.energycharter.org/what-we-do/publications/gas-transit-through-georgia-in-the-light-of-energy-charter-and-energy-community-provisions/
  46. Thamudi Pilehroud, A., Norouzi Zarmehri, A. (2015). South Caucasus; Discouraged from the European Union and Disappointed with the Russian Federation. Journal of Central Asia and the Caucasus, (21)90, 66-36. (In Persian)
  47. NATO (2019). Public Diplomacy Division (PDD)- Press & Media Section- Media Operations Center (MOC)- NATO HQ Brussles. NATO Official Site, at: https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2010_04/20110310_110422-media-backgrounder-NTMA.pdf
  48. Yazdani, E., Fallahi, E. (2016). The Interaction of Iranian and Russian Foreign Policy in Opposition to the East-West Axis in the South Caucasus. Journal of Central Eurasian Studies, (9)2, 430-411. (In Persian)
  49. Yemelianova, G. (2015). Western Academic Discourse on the Post-Soviet De facto State Phenomenon. Caucasus Survey, 3(3), 69-74.
  50. Zamanian, D. (2003). Reasons for Georgia's policy of supporting the United States in recent developments. Journal of Central Asia and Caucasus Studies, (3)41, 268-257. (In Persian)
  51. Huseynov, V. (2020). Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict Ignites Again in Karabakh. Eurasia Daily Monitor, 17(134), at:  https://jamestown.org/program/armenia-azerbaijan-conflict-ignites-again-in-karabakh/

فایل ها

اشتراک گذاری

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار